量子通信1课件.docx

量子通信摘 要量子通信是指利用量子纠缠效应进行信息传递的一种新型的通讯方式。量子通讯是近二十年发展起来的新型交叉学科，是量子论和信息论相结合的新的研究领域。它与经典通信不同，量子通信可以将信息编码，加载到单个光子的量子叠加态的偏振方向上。单光子是光能量的最小组成单元，不能被再分割，量子状态无法被精确复制，任何窃听行为都会对其造成扰动，从而被通信双方察觉并规避。通过量子态传输，通信双方协商生成量子密钥，再加上对信息进行“一次一密”的加密保护，真正实现信息在传输中的完全随机、不可破译，从根本上解决通信安全问题。量子通信主要涉及:量子密码通信、量子远程传态和量子密集编码等，近来这门学科已逐步从理论走向实验，并向实用化发展。本文主要探讨量子隐形传态和密集编码、量子密码术、量子直接通信三方面。首先从量子通信的背景和研究进展出发，然后选择比较热的方面进行探讨研究，最后展望量子通信的未来。关键词：量子纠缠效应量子密码通信量子通信ABSTRACTQuantum communication is the use of quantum entanglement effect be a new means of communication information transmission. Quantum communication is a new interdisciplinary developed nearly two decades, is a new research field of quantum theory and information theory combination. It differs from classical communication, quantum communication can encode information, loaded on the direction of polarization of a single photon quantum superposition states. Single photon is the smallest constituent unit of light energy can not be subdivided, a quantum state can not be an exact copy of any eavesdropping would causing disturbance, so as to be aware of and avoid communicating parties. Quantum state transmission, communications negotiated quantum key generation, coupled with the information, one-time pad encryption protection, the real information is completely random in transit, can not be deciphered, communication security solve the problem fundamentally. Quantum communication mainly involves: quantum cryptography, quantum teleportationand quantum dense remote coding, recently the discipline has been gradually from theory to experiment, to practical development. This paper discusses the dense coding quantum teleportation, quantum cryptography, quantum direct communication and three areas. First, the background and quantum communication research progress from the start, and then select the relatively hot research aspects are discussed, and finally look to the future quantum communication.KEY WORDS:Quantum entanglement effectQuantum cryptographyQuantum Communicat