初中定语从句总结用法大全.docx

定语从句走进中考定语从句的难点在于学生分析不清楚先行词，不能正确使用关系代词和关系副词，不能正确理解定语从句中的一些特殊用法。中考对于定语从句的掌握要求如下：掌握关系代词的用法，特别是that， which， who， whom， whose作主语、表语和定语的用法。掌握关系副词when， where， why引导定语从句的用法；掌握“介词+关系代词”的用法，尤其是介词的选取和使用；掌握关系代词that和which的用法的异同；掌握表示地点或时间的名词充当先行词时，关系代词和关系副词的选择问题。思维导图定语从句的概念和位置在句子中起定语作用的从句成为定语从句。定语从句在句子的作用相当于形容词，故又称为形容词从句。（在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句）。e.g.: Do you know the girl who is singing on the stage? This is the museum which was built last year.先行词和关系代词被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词叫关系词，指代先行词，放在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又充当定语从句的某一个成分（主语、宾语、表语、状语等）；e.g.: The manwho has an umbrella in his hand is my uncle.先行词关系代词（在从句中做主语）The trainwhich has just left is for Shenzhen.先行词关系代词（做主语）Let’s find a placewhere we can have a picnic.先行词关系副词（地点状语）关系代词=连接词+代词定语从句的构成：He has a car. + The car has 7 seats.== He has a car and it has 7 seats.== He has a car which has 7 seats.The hotel is very clean. + We stayed here.== The hotel where we stayed was very clean.We met a man.+ The man directed us to the factory.=We met a man and he directed us to the factory.=We met a man who directed us to the factory.关系代词引导的定语从句出题点：A指代人的关系代词充当主语、宾语、表语的用法； B 指代物的关系代词充当主语、宾语、表语的用法。关系代词在句子中起连接、替代的作用，在句子中充当一定的成分，修饰前面的先行词。引导定语从句的关系代词that，which，who，whom，whose，主要用法如下表格：先行词主语宾语所有格人Who/thatWhom/thatWhose事物、动词Which/thatWhich/thatWhose人+动物人+事物thatthat关系代词与普通代词的区别：普通代词只起替代作用。关系代词替代先行词，在定语从句中充当一定的成分，同时把先行词与定语从句联系在一起，起连词的作用。That引导的定语从句That 可以指人也可以指物，在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语。作宾语时可以省略。作介词宾语时，介词不可提到that之前，若介词提到前面，指物用which指人用whome.g.: Views that are entirely new may also be hard to accept. We need a person that is right for the job. The picture (that) we are studying was drawn by a fifteen-year-old student.Which引导的定语从句Which一般指物，在定语从句中作主语和宾语。作宾语的关系代词which可以省略（放介词后除外）：e.g.: The river which runs through the center of the city was polluted seriously.The story (which) he told was very popular.The house in which I used to live has become a shoe shop.Who，whom引导的定语从句二者都用于指人。Who在定语从句中作主语、宾语；whom在定语从句中作宾语。作宾语的关系代词who，whom可以省略（介词后作宾语的关系代词除