初中被动语态和其相关练习题.doc

一、被动语态概述　　语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般来说，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用“被”、“受”、“给”等词来表示被动意义。 　　如：He opened the door.　 他打开了这扇门。（主动语态） 　　　　The door was opened.　这扇门被打开了。（被动语态） 二、被动语态的构成 被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式，过去分词部分不变。疑问式和否定式的变化也如此。 1、被动语态的时态较常见的八种，现以动词clean为例列表说明： 　　　 　 1) am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时 例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits. 2） has /have been done 现在完成时 　　例All the preparations for the task have been completed, and were ready to start. 　　3） am/is /are being done 现在进行时 　　例A new cinema is being built here． 　　4） was/were done 一般过去时 　　例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer. 　　5） had been done 过去完成时 　　例 By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing. 　　6） was/were being done 过去进行时 　　例A meeting was being held when I was there. 　　7） shall/will be done 一般将来时 　　例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes. 　　8） shall/will have been done 将来完成时 　　例The project will have been completed before July. 2 　　以一般现在时和动词invite为例，列表说明被动语态的句式变化： 　　　 3、含有情态动词的被动语态　　情态动词的被动语态结构为：情态动词+be+过去分词；　　其时态及句型的变化仅由情态动词完成，“be+过去分词”部分不变。　　如：Tables can be made of stone.　桌子可由石头制造。　　　　Tables could be made of stone at that time.　那时桌子可由石头制造。（一般过去时）　　　　Can tables be made of stone? 　桌子能用石头制造吗？（疑问句）　三、被动语态的用法：　　1、不知道或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。　　如：The bridge was built last year.　这座桥是去年建造的。　　　　He was elected chairman.　他被选为主席。　　2、当更加强调动作的承受者时。此时动作的执行者由by引导置于谓语动词之后，不需要时可以省略。　　如：The room hasnt been cleaned yet.　房间还没有打扫。　　　　The tiger was killed by him.　老虎被他杀死了。　　3、当动作的执行者不是人时，多用被动语态。　　如：The window was blown by wind.　窗户被风吹开了。　　　　The whole village has been washed away by the flood.　整个村庄都被洪水冲走了。　　4、表示客观的说明常用“It is + 过去分词”句型。 一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句”或“主语＋be＋过去分词＋to do sth.”。有： It is said that… 据说,It is reported that…据报道，It is believed that…大家相信，It is hoped that…大家希望