摆杆式烟苗移栽挖穴机的设计与优化分析word20031.doc

摆杆式烟苗移栽挖穴机的设计与优化分析 王保帅 （西南林业大学，机械与交通学院，云南 昆明650224） 摘要：本研究一种摆动导杆式的烟苗移栽挖穴机，通过牵引机具地轮驱动四杆机构的急回特性实现挖穴刀具。设计软件Pro/Engineer建立进行运动学仿真分析对机具作业的不平衡惯性力、平衡块质量与结构、曲柄位置、工作摆杆长度等关键参数对作业质量的影响进行了研究与优化。在生产中试制了样机，进行了田间试验，对评估优化出最佳作业参数组合 关键词：摆动导杆；惯性力；优化；田间试验 中图分类号：S2文献标识码：A Design and optimization analysis of the transplanting and digging machine for the tobacco seedling transplanting Wang Baoshuai (Southwest Forestry University, Mechanical Jiaotong University, Kunming 650224, China) Abstract: This paper introduces a kind of swing guide rod type of tobacco seedling transplanting and digging machine, and the quick return characteristics of the four bar mechanism driven by the traction machine to achieve the zero speed operation. The 3D model and motion equation of the machine are established by using the design software Pro/Engineer. The kinematics simulation analysis is carried out, and the influence of key parameters, such as the unbalanced inertia force, the mass and the structure of the machine, the position of the crank, and the length of the rod, is studied. In the production of the prototype, the field experiments were carried out, and the test points were measured and evaluated by orthogonal test method, and the optimum operating parameters were optimized. Test show that the traction speed and articulated error Angle has the greatest effect in the quality of homework, should pay attention to adjust in the production. Keywords: Swinging guide rod; Inertia force; Optimization; Field test 0引言 我国是烟草产业大国，烟草在我国的西南、华南、东北等地区种植范围广泛，是最重要的经济作物之一[1]。而烟苗移栽机械化是提高作业效率，改善烟叶品质，增加产量，保证烟苗成活率的关键。 目前，国外移栽机的种类繁多，如美国Kennco农机公司研制的半自动膜上打穴移栽机，可实现单行或多行的膜上移栽作业。日本久保田公司研发的全自动鸭嘴式膜上移栽机等[]。国外移栽机技术复杂，且价格较贵。国内移栽机械如吉林延边自治州农机所研制的2ZL-2型联合栽植机；19年，等[]。与国外相比移栽机，机械化程度不高，作业质量差，不能满足烟草种植的要求。本研究设计一种适应我国西南烟草种植区地块小，坡度大，转弯半径小，技术相对落后等特点的质量轻、经济性好、使用轻便的烟苗移栽挖穴机。 1农艺要求 我国西南地区烟苗移栽一般在3月下旬到4月初进行，田间测量烟苗移栽农艺参数如表1所示。 表1 烟苗移栽 Tab1 Seedling transplanting agronomic parameters 测量对象 农艺参数 烟苗 单株均高145 mm 冠部直径90 mm 栽植深度80～90 mm 株距45～60 cm 烟垄