物种多样性及植物群落的维持机制.pdf

生物多样性 　第 8 卷 ,第 1 期 ,2000 年 2 月 CHIN ESE BIODIV ERSIT Y　8 ( 1) :17～24 , February , 2000 物种多样性与植物群落的维持机制 叶万辉 ( 中国科学院华南植物研究所 , 广州 510650) 摘 　要 　物种多样性的形成与维持是生物多样性研究中的核心问题之一 ,形成了许多假说 。剖析了群 落物种多样性维持具有增加 、减少和稳定共存三方面内容 ,着重阐明物种稳定共存的内因是物种的生物 学与生态学特性差异 ,外因是生境具有小尺度的差异 ;群落生境异质性是其物种多样性维持的基础 ,并 影响着群落的组织过程 ;群落的斑块镶嵌结构源于林隙形成的生境异质性 ,导致了物种多样性 ;群落斑 块镶嵌结构是群落的基本属性 ,使群落的结构和功能得以长期维持等论点 。最后 ,还以鼎湖山季风常绿 阔叶林为例 ,对群落斑块镶嵌结构的形成及其对物种多样性维持和群落生产力构成与维持等方面的意 义予以说明。 关键词 　物种多样性 ,生境异质性 ,群落组织 ,斑块镶嵌 ,生产力 ,维持机制 The maintenance mechanism of plant community and its species diversity/ YE Wan- Hui Abstract 　The origins and maintenance of species diversity is a core of biodiversity. Numerous hypotheses ad dress this topic. The maintenance of species diversity in community is divided into increasing process ( specia ) ( ) tion , invasion and colonization , decreasing process extinction and species coexistence. The internal cause of species coexistence is the different biological and ecological propert y of species , external cause is the habitation heterogeneity of community. The habitation heterogeneity of community is the basis of species diversity and drives the community organization process. Patches mosaic structure of community is due to gap formation and lead species diversity. Patches mosaic is the basic propert y of community which makes the structure and func tion of ecosystem prolonged maintaining. The patches mosaic pattern and its role in maintenance of species di versity and productivity for the Monsoon evergreen broadleaved forest in Dinghushan Biosphere Reserve ha