有机化合物的命名.ppt

Polymer Chemistry Shuizhu Wu 吴水珠(Prof. PhD) Department of Polymer Sci. Eng. E-mail: shzhwu@scut.edu.cn Tel:Books Principles of Polymerisation G Odian Polymer Synthesis P Rempp and E W Merrill Polymers: Chemistry Physics of Modern Materials J M G Cowie Polymer Chemistry : An Introduction G Challa Introduction to Polymers R J Young and P A Lovell IUPAC Nomenclature of organic compounds A. Alkanes, alkyl halides, alcohols and cycloalkanes（烷烃、卤代烃、醇、环烷烃） Nomenclature of alkyl groups The unbranched alkanes Methane 1 Decane 10 Ethane 2 Undecane 11 Propane 3 Dodecane 12 Butane 4 Tridecane 13 Pentane 5 Tetradecane 14 Hexane 6 Pentadecane 15 Heptane 7 Hexadecane 16 Octane 8 Heptadecane 17 Nonane 9 Octadecane 18 Nonadecane 19 Eicosane 20 Propyl isopropyl Butyl isobutyl sec-butyl tert-butyl Nomenclature of branched-chain alkanes Locate the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms; this chain determines the base name for the alkane. Number the longest chain beginning with the end of the chain nearer the substituent. 6 5 4 3 2 1 CH3CH2CH2CH2CHCH3 CH3 substituent 3. Use the numbers obtained by application of rule 2 to designate the location of the substituent group. 2-methylhexane　2-甲基己烷 4. When two or more substituents are present, give each substituent a number corresponding to its location on the longest chain. 5. When two or more substituents are presnt on the same carbon atom, use that number twice. 3-ethyl-3-methylhexane　3-甲基-3-乙基己烷 6. When two or more substituents are identical, in