中译外--文化与汉英翻译-10.pptVIP

中国文化与汉英翻译 Part I. 语言与文化的关系 文化是人类在认识世界和改造客观世界的社会活动中相互联系、相互影响、相互作用时建立起来的，是一个社会的物质文明和精神文明的总和。 语言与文化相辅相成，语言是文化的重要组成部分，也是文化赖以传播的物质表达形式。(李运兴，《汉英翻译教程》主编，新华出版社) 语言和文化共生，共存。(游汝杰，复旦大学中国语言文学研究所，博士生导师) Language is a substantial but partial reflection of a culture. (Newmark，[英]语言学家、翻译家、翻译理论家) Part II. 文化的处理模式 1）文化直入（the Go-ahead Model）—— 源语文化表达形式直接进入译文。 翻译方法：音译或直译 音译: 阴阳 (yin and yang)，旗袍 (qipao, cheongsam[‘t??:?’s?m])，气功 (qigong)，江湖(jianghu) 直译：hot-dog (热狗)，五讲四美 (five stresses and four points of beauty) 知识储备: 有关词汇 春节 the Spring Festival (New Year’s Day of the Chinese lunar calendar） 元宵节 (灯节) the Lantern Festival 清明节 Qingming Festival 端午节 (农历五月初五) the Dragon-boat Festival 中秋节 (农历八月十五) the Mid-Autumn Festival the Moon Festival 重阳节/登高节 (农历九月初九) the Double Ninth Festival (中国)情人节/七夕 (农历七月初七) the Double Seventh Festival Qixi Festival the Chinese Valentine’s Day 知识储备: 春节的有关词汇 过年 Guo-nian; have the Spring Festival 对联 poetic couplet(对句,对联) -- two successive rhyming lines in poetry 春联 Spring Festival couplet 剪纸 paper-cut(s) 年画 New Year paintings 买年货 special purchases for the Spring Festival do Spring Festival shopping 敬酒 propose a toast 灯笼 lantern -- a portable light 注：red lantern/light district 红灯区 red lamp 红灯记 烟花 fireworks 爆竹 firecrackers 红包 red packets -- cash wrapped up in red paper, symbolizing fortune and wealth in the coming year 舞狮 lion dance -- The lion is believed to be able to dispel evil and bring good luck. 舞龙 dragon dance -- to expect good weather and good harvests 戏曲 traditional opera 杂耍 variety show 灯谜 riddles written on lanterns 守岁 staying-up 拜年 pay New Year’s call give New Year’s greetings(祝贺,问候) New Year’s visit 禁忌 taboo 去晦气 get rid of the ill-fortune 祭祖宗 offer sacrifices(贡品,祭品) to one’s ancestors 压岁钱 gift/lucky money -- money given to children as a lunar New Year gift 辞旧岁 bid farewell to the old year 扫房 spring cleaning 年糕 Nian-gao; rice cake; New Year cake 团圆饭 family reunion dinner 年夜饭 New Year’s Eve dinner 饺子 Jiao-zi (st