多项选择题(multiple-choiceitems)31.ppt

多项选择题（multiple-choice items） Objective VS subjective Subjective and objective are terms used to refer to the scoring of tests. Listening and reading ability can only be tested objectively. Speaking and writing ability is often tested subjectively. Objective: difficult to construct but easy to mark Subjective: easy to set the questions but difficult to mark Objective VS subjective Objective tests can never test the students’ ability to communicate in the target language nor can they evaluate actual performance. A good classroom test will probably contain both subjective and objective test items. Multiple-choice item is one of the most widely used types of items in objective tests. Advantages 优点： ·评分节省人力、时间和费用。 ·评分信度高。 ·题项形式多样，适用范围广。 Disadvantages It tests only recognition（识别) knowledge. Guessing（猜测) is an inevitable factor. It severely restricts what can be tested. It’s very difficult to write successful items. Backwash may be harmful. (test-taking strategy 应试技巧) Cheating may be facilitated. Hughes: P60 General principles when constructing multiple-choice items Each multiple-choice item should have only one answer. Only one feature at a time should be tested. Each option should be grammatically correct when placed in the stem, except of course in the case of specific grammar test items. Heaton: P29 General principles All multiple-choice items should be at a level appropriate to the linguistic ability of the testees. The context should be at a lower level than the actual problem which the item is testing. Multiple-choice items should be as brief and as clear as possible. In many tests, items are generally arranged in rough order of increasing difficulty. 选择题应遵循的原则 最重要的原则是：只有作为答案的选择才是适当的。其他选项肯定不适当。 除此之外，还有一些原则也应该遵守： ·选项应该简短，能够明确达意。 ·题项的目标要尽可能单一，或不可过多。 ·要说明选择的方法。 ·采取措施，减少胡乱猜测的现象。 多项选择题的构成 多项选