现代英语词汇学概论.pptVIP

Chapter 10 English Idioms;I. Warming up ;What does this mean really?;What about this one?;These idioms are all about food. Can you explain what they really mean? ;Numbers up;Animal Crackers;II. Definition ;1. Semantic unity 语义的整体性 Each idiom is a single semantic unity. The meaning of an idiom is not the total sum of the meaning of its constituents. till the cows come home: The idiom functions as one word—an adverb meaning “forever”. show the white feather—functions as a verb meaning “to show fear”.;Other Examples: To stick your neck out is to say or do something that is bold and a bit dangerous. A similar idiom is go out on a limb. To break the ice is to be the first one to say or do something, with the expectation that others will then follow. A similar idiom is get the ball rolling.打破冷场；打破僵局,抛砖引玉 To have a chip on one’s shoulder is to describe a person who acts rudely or aggressively. The person seems always ready for a fight. To get long in the tooth means to get old. ;2. Structural stability 结构的固定性 The structure of an idiom usually remains unchangeable. In other words, the constituent components of an idiom can not, generally speaking, be changed or replaced by other words. bury the hatchet 休战，和解 *bury the ax in (*the) question out of (the) question; Many idioms are grammatically wrong, but idiomatically accepted. Long time no see. Like cures like.以毒攻毒 Go great guns.进展神速,高速高效地干 ;3. Semantic opacity 语义的不透明性 Idioms are usually semantically opaque,ie.metaphorical rather than literal. a feather in sbs cap an honour, success, of which one can be proud;According to grammatical function, idioms can be divided into 5 types: 1) Nominal idioms 2) Adjectival idioms 3) Verbal idioms 4) Adverbial idioms 5) Sentence idioms;According to grammatical function, idioms can be divided into 5 types: 1) Nominal idioms 2) Adje