基于FPGA的通用信号处理模块的设计与实现.doc

摘要 近年来，以FPGA为代表的可编程逻辑器件取得了快速的发展，FPGA不仅解决了雷达信号处理机小型化、低功耗、高可靠性等问题，而且基于FPGA为核心的信号处理模块以其灵活的设计方式使其越来越多地取代ASIC的市场地位。FPGA是一种半定制的集成电路，设计者可以完全控制设计的实现过程，不需要任何实际的集成电路制造设备。尽管以DSP作为处理核心的雷达信号处理机已经得到广泛应用，但它的缺点是实时性不好，FPGA可以较好地解决这一问题。并且现在FPGA发展迅速，多数已经集成DSP处理模块。因此，FPGA作为通用信号处理模块的核心具有很强的可操作性。 基于雷达信号处理的要求，作者设计和完成了一个基于FPGA为核心的通用信号处理模块。该模块以一片大容量的FPGA作为信号处理的核心，使用SDRAM和FLASH进行外部数据存储，单片机作为FPGA和计算机的中介桥梁，通过串口在计算机上对模块进行非实时调试和监控。 为了完成本课题，本文在以下几个方面进行研究： 首先对雷达信号处理的特点进行了详细的分析，得出脉冲压缩、MTI/MTD和CFAR的特点、处理方式以及工程实现方法，同时对各种方法的优缺点进行了比较。 其次根据雷达信号处理的特点，通过仿真进行FPGA和其它的芯片选型，在Altium Designer 6.9软件下完成原理图和PCB的制作，并在QuartusII 9.0下完成FLASH和SDRAM的软件接口设计。 最后介绍了分布式算法，并以分布式算法为基础，详细阐述了脉冲压缩的编程以及在通用信号处理模块上实现的过程。 关键词 通用信号处理模块；雷达信号处理；FPGA；脉冲压缩    Abstract In recent years, the Programmable Logic Device developed rapidly, especially the FPGA, which not only realized miniaturization, low power consumption and high reliability of the signal processing machine, also as universal signal processing module’ flexible design, which based on FPGA, it is replacing ASIC on the market. FPGA is a kind of semi-custom integrated circuit, designers can completely control the design process, without any actual integrated circuit manufacturing equipment. Even though the radar signal processor with DSP processing core has been widely used, but its drawback is that real-time is not good, FPGA can solve this problem. Now FPGA develop rapidly, most existing FPGA integrated DSP module. The operability of FPGA as processing core used in universal signal processing module is strong. Based on radar signal processing demand, a universal signal processing module was designed and completed by author. The module uses a high-capacity FPGA as the core of signal processing, uses FLASH and SDRAM as external storage, uses SCM as bridge between FPGA and Computer. Through serial port, the designer can real-time debug and monitor. In order to complete this topic, the following aspects were studied in the dissertation. Firstly, analyze the characteristics of Rad