翻译技巧之减词法.ppt

The time-keeping devices of electronic watches are much more accurate than those of mechanical ones. 电子表比机械表准确得多。 He took off his coat and shoes. Then he put on his slippers，went to the sofa and began to watch TV. 他脱了大衣和鞋子，然后穿上拖鞋，走到沙发前，开始看电视。 减词法(omission) 减词法是对原文中的某些词语略而不译。这是出自于译语行文习惯的需要而采用的一种翻译技巧。 有些词语在英语中必不可少，但在汉语中就未必如此。 减词不减义 （一）句法性减词 1.代词省略 2.连词省略 3.冠词省略 4.介词省略 5.动词省略 (一)、句法性省略 汉语没有冠词，代词（尤其是人称代词、关系代词）、连词、介词、关系副词等用的也远远比英语少。上述词类汉译时往往省略，省略后意思反而更为简洁。 从语法角度进行减省  英汉两种语言在语法上差异较大，例如：英语有冠词，而汉语却没有；英语重形合、连接词较多，汉语重意合、连接词较少；英语中介词丰富，多达280多个，汉语中介词则较少，只有30来个；英语中经常使用代词，尤其是经常使用人称代词、关系代词等，而汉语中代词则用得较少；因此，英译汉时可根据具体情况将冠词、连接词、介词、代词略去，使译文练达晓畅。 一.代词省略 1. 在英语中，代词充当主语的情况相当多。为了使译文前后的句子意思紧凑，避免重复用词，汉语习惯采用无主句，其主语就是前面的代词。 He was thin and haggard and he looked miserable. 他消瘦而憔悴，看上去痛苦不堪的样子。 Whether the laws are good or bad, they cannot complain, they cannot question, they cannot suggest changes. 无论法律是否公正，他们都无法抱怨、无法质疑、无法建议修改。 2.英语中的泛指人称代词作主语时，常常可以省略，翻译成无主句。 As you come into the room, you’ll notice a piano. 一进房间门，就会看见一台钢琴。 One can never be too careful in one’s work. 工作越仔细越好。 Fight when you can win; move away when you cannot win. 打得赢就打，打不赢就走。 We have 7 days a week and 24 hours a day. 一周有七天，一天有24小时。 The significance of a man is not in what he attains but rather in what he longs to attain. 人生的意义不在于已获取的，而在于渴望获得什么样的东西。 Knowledge is a comfortable and necessary retreat and shelter for us in an advanced age; and if we do not plant it while young, it will give us no shade when we grow old. 知识是人到老年舒适而又必须的归宿。如果年轻时不种下知识之树，老年时就得不到树阴的遮蔽。 3. 作宾语的代词,翻译时也可以省略. Please take off the old picture and throw it away. 请把那张旧画摘下来扔掉。 Gathering facts, confirming them, suggesting theories, testing them, and organizing findings– this is all work of science. 收集事实并加以论证，提出理论并加以检验，以及整理研究成果——这全都是科学工作的内容。 4. 物主代词在英语中出现的频率非常高，翻译时完全可以省略他们。 So the train came, he pinched his little sister lovingly, and put his great arms about his mother’s neck and then was away. 火车来了，他爱抚地捏了一下小妹妹，用两条巨大的胳膊搂了一下母亲的脖子，然后走了。 Halliday put his p