英语国家概况Chapter9.ppt

Preamble We the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect Union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America. 　　我们合众国人民，为建立更完善的联盟，树立正义，保障国内安宁，提供共同防务，促进公共福利，并使我们自己和后代得享自由的幸福，特为美利坚合众国制定本宪法。 U.S. federalism A compromise between the absolute concentration of powers and a loose confederation of independent states. The Federal government The federal government handles the problems affecting people throughout the nation. The State government The state government is to deal with problems that affect the well-being of the state. The federal government have no power to interfere in state affairs. The legislative branch Legislative Procedure The executive branch Powers of president Executive powers He can issue rules, regulations and instructions ， binding force of laws upon federal agencies. He is commander-in-chief of the armed forces. He can appoint heads of the departments and other high-ranking federal officials with the approval of the Senate. Powers in foreign affairs Authority to make treaties with foreign countries with the Advice and consent of Congress. With the approval of the Senate, he appoints the US Secretary of State and ambassadors. Legislative powers All the bills passed by Congress must be signed by the president before becoming laws. Veto power. (Only the consensus of two-thirds of Congressmen can override the veto) Judicial powers Justices of the Supreme Court are appointed by President with approval of the Senate. 2.4 The Judicial Branch The Supreme Court—highest court; One Chief Justice and eight Associate Justices; decisions are made by the majority. appointed by the President with the Senate’s approval; only removed from office by Congress through difficult impeachment. Checks and balances In order to guarantee t