英语段落写作--因果.ppt

Writing Cause or Effect paragraphs Causal Analysis Causal analysis explains the cause-and-effect relationship between two (or more) elements. 1. Cause You are out of gas. Effect Your car wont start. 2. Cause the bad weather Effect: the car accident Cause asks : why did/does/ will X happen? Effect asks: What did/does/will Y produce? Ways of organizing causal analysis essay1. An effect may have more than one cause Cause 1 Cause 2 Cause 3 Causes: (1)exhaust(废气) from automobiles and trucks; (2) soot(油烟，煤烟） from industry smokestacks(大烟囱); (3) insufficient low pollution public transportation, etc. Effect: Air Pollution in City bring about Effect Cause 1: Defective brakes Cause 2: Hidden yield sign( 让车标志) Cause 3: Bad weather produce Effect: my car wreck 2. A cause may also have more than one effect. Cause ? result in Effect1 Effect 2 Effect 3 Cause: air pollution in City Effects: (1) poor visibility (2) health problem: headaches, allergies, runny eyes and nose (3) shorter life span for residents (4) lower quality of life for residents (5) necessity to stay indoors: more sitting in front of the television 3. Cause-and-Effect Chain Cause 1st effect cause 2nd Effect cause 3rd Effect (bad weather) (wet brakes) (car wreck) (doctor bills) Example: John got his left leg injured in a car accident (the original cause). Then he had to be hospitalized for three months.(the first effect). Due to his stay in the hospital ( the second cause), he missed his lessons for three months ( the second effect). Because of his absence from school (the third cause), he failed to attend the courses of the term( the third effect). Owing to his failure to attend the courses of the term( the fourth cause), he failed in the final examination of the term (the fourth effect).　 Developing Your Essay 1. Present a reasonable thesis statement eg. Peer pressure causes alco