计算机专业英语chapter3.ppt

计算机专业英语 Chapter 3 Computer Language 计算机专业英语 Computer English Chapter 3 Computer Languages Section A Programming Language Programming languages, in computer science, are the artificial languages used to write a sequence of instructions (a computer program)that can be run by a computer. Similar to natural languages, such as English, programming languages have a vocabulary, grammar, and syntax, However, natural languages are not suited for programming computers because they are ambiguous, meaning that their vocabulary and grammatical structure may be interpreted in multiple ways. The languages used to program computers must have simple logical structures, and the rules for their grammar, spelling, and punctuation must be precise. Section A Programming Language Programming languages vary greatly in their sophistication and in their degree of versatility. Some programming languages are written to address a particular kind of computing problem or for use on a particular model of computer system. For instance, programming languages such as FORTRAN and COBOL were written to solve certain general types of programming problems-FORTRAN for scientific applications, and COBOL for business applications.Although these languages were designed to address specific categories of computer problems, they are highly portable, meaning that they may be used to program many types of computers. 编程语言在复杂度和功能性上有很大的不同。 一些编程语言为一个特殊种类计算的问题或为在计算机系统一个特殊模型使用。 例如，编程语言FORTRAN和COBOL用于解决某些类型的编程问题，其中，FORTRAN语言用于科学计算，而 COBOL语言用于解决一般商业应用问题。虽然这些语言被设计成解决一定类型的计算问题，但他们是非常灵活的，也就说他们可以被用于解决许多类型的计算。 Section A Programming Language Other languages, such as machine languages, are designed to be used by on specific model of computer system, or even by one specific computer in certain research applications. The most commonly used programming languages are highly portable and can be used to effectively solve diverse types of computing problems. Languages like C, PASCAL, and BASIC fall into