抗癌药（Antineoplasticagents）.ppt

抗癌药（Antineoplastic agents） 北京协和医学院基础医学院 药理学系 叶菜英 Overview Introduction Malignant disease accounts for a high proportion of deaths in industrialised countries. The treatment of anticancer drug is to give palliation, induce remission and, if possible, cure. Overview Introduction Cancer occurs after normal cells have been transformed into neoplastic cells through alteration of their genetic material and the abnormal expression of certain genes. Neoplastic cells usually exhibit chromosomal abnormalities and the loss of their differentiated properties. These changes lead to uncontrolled cell division and many result in the invasion of previously unaffected organs, a process called metastasis. Advances in Cancer Chemotherapy Treatment options of cancer: Surgery: before 1955 Radiotherapy: 1955~1965 Chemotherapy: after 1965 Immunotherapy and Gene therapy Advances in Cancer Chemotherapy The treatment of a patient with cancer may aim to: give palliation, for example prompt relief of unpleasant symptoms such as superior vena cava obstruction from a mediastinal tumor induce ‘remission’ so that all macroscopic and microscopic features of the cancer disappear, though disease is known to persist cure, for which all the cells of the clone must be destroyed. Cancer Chemotherapy Disease Name 5 Years Survival Rate Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia 50~80% Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia 20~60% Childhood Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia 20~60% Adult Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia 10~20% Breast Cancer（Premenopausal） 10~20% Breast Cancer（Postmenopausal） 0~15% Hodgkin’ s lymphoma * 40~80% Cancer Chemotherapy Disease Name 5 Years Survival Rate Small Cell Lung Cancer （Limited Stage） 10~20% （Extensive Stage） 0~5% Non-Hodgkin’ s lymphoma * 40~65% Ovarian Cancer 40~60% Children Solid Tumor (Nephroblastoma, Rhabdomyosarcoma, Lymphoma，Osteosarcoma）* 60~90% Trophobl