2-英语专业四级词汇语法辅导--虚拟语气、非谓语动词.ppt

虚拟语气 条件句 条件句为非真实条件句时，所表示的假设是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句和结果主句都要用虚拟语气。 虚拟语气的几个句型 1、虚拟语气用于wish后的宾语从句中 A．用wish表示对现在的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：过去式（be动词用were）。 B．用wish表示对将来的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：would, could, might+ 动词原形。 C．wish用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望时，宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为：had+动词过去分词或could, would + have +动词过去分词。 The picture exhibition bored me to death; I wish I had not gone to it. ---“I let Joe borrow our radio for the afternoon.” ---“That’s all right, but I wish he would buy one of his own.” I wish that he weren’t so lazy. 虚拟语气的几个句型 虚拟语气的几个句型 2、would (had) rather, would as soon, would sooner, just as soon和would prefer所引导的从句中要求用过去式表示当时或将来的情况，用过去完成时表示过去的情况。但这种虚拟语气表示的不是与事实相反的假设，而是一种尚未实现的愿望或表示说话人婉转的责备。 例如： I’d rather you posted the letter right away. 我倒希望你把这封信立刻寄出去。 I would prefer he didn’t stay there too long.我倒希望他不要在那儿可得太久。 I would just as soon you had returned the book yesterday.我真希望你昨天把这本书还了。 虚拟语气的几个句型 注意：would rather…than 和would… rather than 后面的从句用虚拟语气。用法是than后的从句要用should+动词原形, 从句的that可省略。 I would rather die than (that) he should know the secret. He’d do anything rather than (that) he should live with such a shameless woman. 虚拟语气的几个句型 虚拟语气的几个句型 3、had hoped/thought引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为would+动词原形，表示一种过去未实现的愿望或令人失望的事。 His father had hoped that his son would go to business with him, but his son became an artist later. 虚拟语气的几个句型 4、 虚拟语气用于as if/ as though引导的方式状语从句和表语从句中，其动词形式与wish宾语从句的形式相同。 She often laughs spontaneously, and her good humor breaks out as brightly as if it were a part of the sunshine above. 她常常发出发自内心的微笑，而且她那美好的情绪像天上一道明亮的阳光一样，常常流露出来。 They talked as if they had been friends for years.他们交谈着，就好像他们是我年的老朋友一样。 She looks as if she would cry.她看起来好像要哭了。 虚拟语气的几个句型 5、用在suppose开头的祈使句中，从句的谓语动词变化与as if和wish后面的动词变化规律相同，用过去式、过去完成式、或过去将来式。意思是“假如…”，但suppose 是动词，不是连词。如： Suppose the boss walked in. What should I do? Suppose Saddam had not been captured. What would the U.S. do? 虚拟语气的几个句型 6. whether it (he) be …or…意为“不管（不论）是……还是……”，表示让步，为虚拟语气的一种表示方法，其省略结构为be it…or…, be he…or等，必须用倒装。例如： Be