加拿大合同法教.ppt

Chapter 6 Formation of Contracts合同的形成 Chapters Highlights The elements of a valid contract 一个有效合同的构成要素 Consensus--offer and acceptance 合意——要约和承诺 Consideration-the price one is willing to pay 对价——乐意支付的价格 Important words Consensus 合意 Consideration 对价 Capacity 能力 Legality 合法 Intention 善意 Viodable 可撤销 Bilateral 双务 Unilateral 单务 Defaulted 违反 Counteroffer 反要约 Offer 要约 aliens 外国人 invitation to treat 要约邀请 natives and corporation 自然人和法人 Revocation 废止、撤回 Revoke 撤销 Acceptance 承诺 Counteroffer 反要约 promissory estoppel不得自食其言 postbox rule 投递主义 Infants婴儿 Insane 精神病患者 Intoxicated 醉酒人 The contractual relationship 合同关系 对合同法的了解对所有的商人是至关重要的，因为大多数的商业贸易是建立在合同关系的基础上的，我们把合同定义为自愿交易的许诺，如果谁违反了所谓的合同义务，将会被要求赔偿。 Contract as voluntary exchange of promises. 重要的是要明白，什么时候同意合同的条款，人们创造和定义它们自己的规则和义务，这不同于其它领域的法律，比如侵权法，规则和义务都是强制性的，一个有效的合同双方都是可以预料的情形，人们可以达到任何合同的协议，只要在法律允许范围内，合同涉及的范围是自由的。例如：商品销售、消费者权益保护、雇佣、合伙，公司和财产，后面的章节将陆续讲到。 Freedom of contract When we study contract law, the focus is usually on the problems that can arise. The courts become involved in a small proportion of contractual agreement, when an irresolvable dispute arises. 我们学习合同法，重点在于解决所出现的问题，大多数合同关系可以达到双方的满意度，只有少量的合同纠纷会诉至法院。 Element of a contract 合同的要素 1.Consensus合意:Parties to a contract must have reached a mutual agreement to commit themselves to a certain transaction. 2.Consideration对价 :is the price each is willing to pay to participate in the contract. 3.Capacity能力:Parties to a contract must be legally capable of understanding and entering into the agreement. 4.Legality合法:the agreement must be legal and not against public policy. 5.Intention善意:both parties must be serious and intend. Important terms and definitions 重要的条款和定义 1.Formal and simple contracts 正式和简单 Formal: seal wax 腊封 Simple:parol(verbal or written)书面或口头 2.Express and implied contracts 明示和暗示 Express: have expressly stated Implied: from conduct 3.Valid,void