专业英语-英语特点.ppt

Mingtian LiTel:College of Materials and Chemical Engineering 专业英语: professional English specialized English specialty English Postgraduate specialized English The structure of a material can be investigated on several levels． 材料的组织结构可以在几个层次上进行研究。 After the hot-worked surface has been cleaned and oxides removed，the metal can be cold worked to give the final dimensions and properties． 在对经过热加工的金属表面进行清洁和除去氧化物后，可对金属进行冷加工得到最后的尺寸和性能。 In forging process a continuous “grain flow”can be produced in the metal which can be oriented to follow the shape of the part and result in maximum strength efficiency of the material． 在锻造工艺中，金属内会产生一种连续的“晶粒流”，其流向沿着工件的外形，使材料获得最大的强度效率。 Hard spots can be removed from castings by heat treatment, either annealing or normalizing, unless the iron contains alloy elements such as chromium． 如果铁不含像铬这样的合金元素，硬点可以通过热处理(退火或正火)从铸件中除去。 Rapid progress in the exploration of outer space has been made possible by new methods and knowledge of welding metallurgy． 焊接冶金的新的方法和知识使得外层空间探测的迅速发展成为可能。 The amount of undercooling degree that occurs with a given analysis of alloy melt and cooling rate is strongly influenced by the presence of nuclei in the melt. 在一定的化学成分和冷却速度下，合金液过冷度的大小受到合金液中存在的晶核的强烈影响。 A reduction in heat loss by the use of insulating refractories （耐火材料）in heat treatment furnace seems to be of obvious benefit. 在热处理炉中使用绝热耐火材料减少热损失，看来具有明显的效益。 An increase in nodule number and improvements in nodule shape in large section castings can be effected by the addition of a small mount of antimony. 在大断面铸件中, 添加少量的锑可增加石墨球数并改善球墨形状。 The substitution of blasting hot air for blasting cold air results in a very considerable increase in melt temperature. 用鼓入热风代替冷风，可以显著地提高铁水温度。 The pearlite structure can be achieved by control of cooling rate after solidification or by subsequent heat treatment 珠光体组织可以通过控制凝固后的冷却速度或通过后来的热处理获得。 The ultrasonic metal inspection is the application of ultrasonic vibrations to