动词的时态--赵武.ppt

动词是表示动作和状态的词。动词有时态、语态和语气3种形式的变化。 1、动词按其能否独立作谓语而分为：“谓语动词”和“非谓语动词”两种。非谓语动词可分为动名词、分词（现在分词和过去分词）和不定式3种。 2、动词的5种基本形式：动词原形、第三人称单数、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。 ② “未完成”用法 表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时刻之前就已开始，一直持续到这一过去时间，还可能再持续下去。 Up to that time all had gone well. John and Jane had known each other for a long time before their marriage. She said she had made much progress since she came here. ③“想象性”用法 过去完成时有时表示一种未实现的愿望或想法，主要用在 if 引导的和过去事实相反的条件句以及wish, as if引导的从句中。 If she had worked hard, she would have succeeded. I wish I had gone with you to the concert. The two strangers talked as if they had been good friends for many years. 提示： intend, mean, hope, want, plan, suppose, expect, think等动词的过去完成时可以用来表示一个本来打算做而未做的事。 I had meant to come, but something happened. I had intended to call on you, but was prevented from doing so. They had wanted to help but couldnt get here in time. ④ 表示“刚刚……就……” 过去完成时常用在hardly /scarcely/ barely ... when..., no sooner ... than ... 等结构中，表示“刚刚……就……”。 Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him. 他刚开始演讲，听众就打断了他。 No sooner had he arrived than he went away again. 他刚到就又走了。 将来完成时 1．将来完成时的构成 将来完成时的构成是由“shall/ will + have +过去分词”构成的。 Before long he will have forgotten all about the matter. He is somebody now. He will not have remembered his old classmates. Will you have known Kevin for 10 years next month? 2. 将来完成时的用法 ①表示在将来某一时间之前已完成的动作，并往往对将来某一时间产生影响。 We shall have learned 12 units by the end of this term. By the time you get home I will have cleaned the house from top to bottom. Will you soon have finished laying the table? 注意： 在时间状语从句中，不用将来完成时，要用现在完成时来代替。 When I have finished that, I shall have done all I am supposed to do. 等我做完这件事时，我就做完我该做的所有的事了。 Please dont get off the bus until it has stopped. 请待车停稳了再下车。 ②表示推测 You will have heard of this, I guess. 我想你已经听说过这件事了。 I am sure he will have got the information. 我相信他一定得到了这个信息