名师讲座完形填空之说明文体.ppt

完形填空之说明文体 Ⅰ.文体特点 说明文是以说明为主要表达方式来解说事物、阐明事理从而给人知识的文章体裁。它通过揭示概念来说明事物的特征、本质及其规律性。说明文实用性很强，它包括广告、说明书、提要、提示、规则、章程、解说词、科学小品等。说明文一般介绍事物的形状、构造、类别、关系、功能，解释事物的原理、含义、特点、演变等。 完形填空专题系列之（三） 名师讲座 说明文的说明一定要有条理。说明的顺序是按照事物本身的条理和人的认识规律来安排的。比如介绍景物、建筑，多是按照时间的先后顺序来安排；阐述事理又多按照事物的逻辑顺序来安排。总之，是按照一定的顺序，由表及里，由实到虚，由分到合，由远及近，由浅到深，逐步阐述。有时为了使别人更准确地认识事物，在某种情况下，只要不违背事物的特点、规律，也可以在顺序上做某些调整。 Ⅱ.技法指导 说明文常用的结构模式主要有两种： 1．总分式。包括“总——分、分——总、总——分——总”等具体形式。事物说明文多用总分式，其中“分”的部分又经常按并列方式安排。 2．递进式。事理说明文多用递进式结构，一层一层地剖析事理。说明文都具有条理性。 (1)空间顺序——从上到下，或者从外到内，或者从左到右，或者从南到北，或者从远到近，或者从中间到四周，或者从整体到部分； (2)时间顺序——按照时间先后顺序来安排，事物都有发生、发展、消亡的过程； (3)逻辑顺序——有些说明文主要是剖析事理的，在说明时就按照事理的逻辑关系进行安排，或者从主到次，或者从浅到深，或者从原因到结果，构成严密的条理性。 (2012·江苏卷)The concept of solitude(独处)in the digital world is almost non-existent.In the world of digital technology, e-mail, social networking and online video games, information is meant to be__36__．Solitude can be hard to discover__37__it has been given up.In this respect, new technologies have__38__our culture. The desire to be connected has brought solitude to a(n)__39__as weve known it.People have become so__40__in the world of networks and connections that one can often be contacted__41__theyd rather not be.Today we can talk, text，e-mail, chat and blog (写博客), not only from our__42__， but from our mobile phones as well. Most developed nations have become__43__on digital technology simply because theyve grown accustomed to it, and at this point not__44__it would make them an outsider.__45__， many jobs and careers require people to be__46__．From this point of view, technology has changed the culture of work.Being reachable might feel like a__47__to those who may not want to be able to be contacted at all times. I suppose the positive side is that solitude is still possible for anyone who__48__wants it.Computers can be shut__49__and mobile phones can be turned off.The ability to be “connected” and “on” has many__50__， as well as disadvantages.Travelers have ended up__51__on mountains, and mobile pho