英国文学简史笔记(完整版).docx

Chapter 1伊丽莎白统治之前的时代分为三个阶段：古英语（安格鲁撒克逊）时期，中世纪英语（安格鲁诺曼）时期，伊丽莎白统治前时期。大不列颠岛相继被卡尔特人、罗马人和安格鲁撒克逊人占据。【 The Old English (Anglo-Saxon) Period 】The British civilization is one of the oldest in the world.sign: the Stonehenge（巨石阵）prehistoric monumental pile of stonesCelts（凯尔特人）were probably the first inhabitants of the British Isles in recorded history.One of their tribes, the Britons（不列颠人）， came over in the 5th century BC. 亚瑟王传奇 Arthurian legends 500 years Roman Conquest, Julius Caesar（尤里乌斯凯撒）55BC500 years Anglo-Saxon Conquest, 5th centuryIn 597 AD the Anglo-Saxons began to be converted to Christianity.pagan elements/regular elementsreligion elementsIn the second half of the 7th century, the first English poet, Caedmon by name， began to sing.Another century passed, Beowulf.In the 9th century, King Alfred decided that literature should be written in the vernacular（方言） of Old English.With the arrival of St. Augustine in 597 AD and the subsequent spread of Christian influence and classical learning, heathen poetrywas maneuvered out of the scene.a time of intermingling（过渡时期） of the pagan with the Christian components in poetry.安格鲁撒克逊时期唯一完整的诗歌：Beowulf： 1. Thenational epic of English people, a pagan poem2. An epic of well over 3000 lines.3. The greatest epic ever left by the ancient Germanic tribes.4. The most ancient ever since the demise of the Greek and Roman literatures.5. The only organic whole poem to come out of the Anglo-Saxon period.6. The story takes place in Scandinavia, no mention of England.7.Anglo Saxon’s early life in EnglandTheme: The poem tells the story of a 6th century hero, Beowulf. It is basically a two-part narrative——Beowulf’s fight with the sea-monsters Grendel and his mother in the first part, and his killing a fiery dragon and his death in the second.human desire for some super power to conquer nature.great tradition of realism（现实主义传统）Versification:1.Pagan story has an Christian overlay（覆盖物，表面）.（作诗法）The mixture of pagan and Christian elements2.using of kenn