英语国家概况(修订版)Chapter4.pptx

A Guide to English-Speaking Countries;Economy ;;Group of 8 a forum for the governments of the worlds eight wealthiest countries that originated in 1975 Before Russia was added to the group in 1997, it was known as the G7. Members: France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada and Russia Leaders of the G8 discuss major economic issues in an informal setting. The agenda has changed depending on international circumstances—e.g., the oil crises in the 1970s. ;;Causes ;“mixed economy” an economy in which thereis some public ownership as well as privately owned business During the 20th century thegovernment has become involved in the economy through introduction of social welfare policies and laws to regulate industrial relations.;In 1945 the Labor party carried out drastic reforms nationalize key industries (such as coal, steel and transport) laid the foundation for postwar British social and economic development ;1979-1997 Conservative Party Margaret Thatcher Radical economic reform sell back those industries to the private sector beat inflation (primary objective) Promote competitive spirit in economy Social welfare reduced;;“In politics if you want anything said, ask a man. If you want anything done, ask a woman.” —Margaret Thatcher ;In 1997 the Labor party Tony Blair the “Third Way”: differ from the old the Labor party’s nationalization reform and the conservative party’s extreme individualism made the Bank of England independent emphasized on the minimum wage and supplementing low incomes emphasized individual responsibility Britain’s economic growth surpassed other major European countries ;Current British Economy;Principal resources—oil and gas (in the North Sea, on the coast of Scotland) Large amount of coal (kept for future use) Highly developed efficient main road and rail network and airports;;Mild climate—favorable environment for agriculture and stock raising Important crops—wheat, barley, sugar beet, potato