西方经典导读概要.doc

Chapter 1 Greek Culture Ancient Greece is the term used to describe the Greek speaking world in ancient times it refers not only to the territory of the present Greek state , but also to those areas settled by Greeks : Cyprus, the Aegean coast of turkey (then known as lonia ),Sicily and southern Italy (known as great Greece ), and the scattered Greek settlements on the coasts of what are now Albania , Bulgaria , Egypt , France , Libya , Romania , Spain , and Ukraine. 古希腊是用来描述希腊语世界在古代，它不仅是指现在的希腊国家的领土内，而且这些地区定居的希腊人：塞浦路斯、土耳其爱琴海岸（当时称为尼），西西里岛和意大利南部（被称为大希腊），和散落在海岸的希腊殖民地现在的阿尔巴尼亚、保加利亚、埃及、法国、利比亚、罗马尼亚、西班牙、乌克兰。 Athens, in particular, grew dramatically. Drama, poetry, sculpture, architecture, and philosophy flourished, and there was a vigorous intellectual life. some of the greatest names of western cultural and intellectual history heard in Athens during this period : the dramatists Aeschylus , Aristophanes, Euripides , and Sophocles , the philosophers Aristotle , Plato , and Socrates , the historians Herodotus , Thucydides , and Xenophon , the poet Simonides and he sculptor Phidias . The city became, in Pericles words, the school of Hellas. 雅典，特别是急剧增长。戏剧、诗歌、雕塑、建筑和哲学繁荣，并有一个蓬勃的知识生活。一些西方文化和知识史听到雅典这一时期最伟大的名字：剧作家埃斯库罗斯、阿里斯多芬尼斯、欧里庇得斯和索福克勒斯，哲学家亚里士多德，柏拉图，苏格拉底，历史学家希罗多德、修昔底德、色诺芬、诗人西摩尼得斯他雕塑家菲迪亚斯。城市成为，在伯里克利的话，希腊的学校。The three selections in this chapter address the political foundation democracy-of Greek cultural excellence. The famous speech presented by the great historian Thucydides in his History of the Peloponnesian War is a eulogy delivered by the Athenian leader Pericles for the Athenians killed during the first campaigns against the Spartans. It is an obviously idealized description of the Athenian city-state at its height, and the reader cannot help imagining how a typical Athenian citizen lived his daily public and private life. This eulogy also shows how Pericles defined the proper balance between Athenians freedom as individuals and their commitments as Citizens. 本章的三个选择，解决了希