词素第3讲.ppt

第 2单 元 教研室：外语系专业英语教研室 教师姓名：佘恋恋 ?课程名称: 英语词汇学 讲授内容及时间分配: hours 授课专业及班次11级 授课内容Word the formation?授课方式及学时 Lecture：2 h 目的要求 1) What’s morpheme? What is Free / Bound morpheme? 3) ??The classification of morphemes. 重点与难点: What is allomorph ? What is affixation? 参考资料: 1.英语词汇学. 张维友.外语教学与研究出版社 1996. 2.现代英语词汇学.陆国强.上海外语教学出版社 1998. 3.现代汉语词汇研究.曹炜. 北京大学出版社 2004. 4.英语词汇学. 汪榕培. 上海外语教学出版社 2008. Morphological structure of English words In modern times, vocabulary is mainly enlarged on an internal basis that we use word-building material available to create new words. A morpheme is the smallest unit of meaning in a word. (not free) Catscomprises two morphemes.-s-changes the first morpheme from singular into plural. Classification of morphemes What’s morpheme? Morpheme is seen as ‘ the smallest functioning unit in the composition of words’ ---( Cristal 1985) , it is the smallest component of a word which contributes to the meaning. As a smallest unit of meaning in a word, morpheme can occure independently as a word, or only a part of a word, which cannot stand on its own. free morpheme=word Bound morphemes are chiefly found in derived words. Bound morphemes include : un-,-s, -ed, ,-able, and -ism, etc. They are bound to other morphemes to form words, or to perform a particular grammatic function. In the example of “reader”, –er is attached to the word read . –er cannot stand alone, thus is called bound morpheme. Read cannot be separated any more. Thus it is called a free morpheme. Word 抽象是词，具体是字 Actually morpheme（类概念） is an abstraction, like the term lexeme. They are realized by forms which are called morphs（个概念）（a meaningful form) , when more specific sense is required. So morphemes dont occure in words, but morphs. Morphemes vary in function. What are allomorphs? How about -er-in smaller, winner, eraser?