词汇学复习.pptx

词汇学复习;;1.1 Basic word stock;1)All National Character (全民性） They denote the most common things and phenomena of the world around us, which are indispensable to all speakers. They include words relating to:;Natural phenomena: rain, snow, fire, sun Human body and relations: head, foot, mother, father Names of plants and animals: oak, pine, grass, pear, cat, dog, chicken Action, size, domain, state: come, go, eat, good, hot, white, black Num., pron., prep., conj.: one, ten hundred, I, you, who, out, and, but ;1) Latin For 2000 years it has borrowed so heavily and complexly from Latin;(1) The Pre-Anglo-Saxon Period;Words borrowed reflected new conceptions and experience in war and agriculture: Battle, banner, wall, pit, street, wine, trade, bargain, dish, cheese, pepper, butter, pipe;(2) The Old English Period;(3) The Middle English Period;(4) The Modern English Period;Many of the frequently used abbreviations are from Latin: i.e. (id est) e.g. (exempli gratia) a.m. (ante meridiem) etc. (et cetera) p. m. (post meridiem) ibid (ibidem);2) Greek;3) French;Government and administration: govern, state, crown, country Feudalism: feudal, fief, prince, peer, duke Law: justice, judge, jury Religion: religion, service, angel Morality: virtue, duty, grace;Military affairs: war, peace, battle Meat: beef, mutton, pork, bacon, Cuisine: sauce, fry, roast, soup Architecture: tower, pillar, porch Fashion: dress, robe, garment ;1650-1800: Ballet, debut, canteen, champagne, ridicule, routine Since 1800: Resume, faire, cliché, détente, attache, garage, camouflage… ;The earlier loan words (from Norman French) have entered the basic word stock, whereas the later ones (from Central or Parisian dialect) have largely kept their distinct French features.;Early Late Chandler chandelier Chapel chaperon Message massage Cabbage mirage Baron buff