语法精讲强化系列3形容词和副词.ppt

3. 形容词和副词 考点1　形容词和副词的词形变化　★★★★ 1. 形容词后缀 (1)-able: ①v. +able: reliable, eatable, enjoyable, movable等。 ②n. +able: valuable, reasonable, knowledgeable等。 (2)-ible: terrible, horrible, invisible, possible等。 (3)-al: international, mental, medical, natural, general等。 (4)-ant或-ent: instant, distant, constant, important, patient, different, absent等。 (5)-ed或-ing: interested, interesting, pleased, pleasing等。 (6)-en: wooden, golden, spoken, written, mistaken等。 (7)-ern: eastern, southern, western, northern等。 (8)-ful: ①n. +ful: colorful, beautiful, helpful, powerful等。 ②v. +ful: forgetful, careful等。 (9)-less: fearless, harmless, useless, helpless等。 (10)-ly: friendly, lovely, daily, weekly等。 (11)n. /v. +(i)ous: curious, dangerous, various, anxious等。 (12)-some: handsome, troublesome, tiresome等。 (13)n. +-y: funny, lucky, snowy, rainy, dusty等。 2. 形容词前缀 (1)un-: unhappy, unfair, unimportant, uncomfortable, unnecessary等。 (2)im-: impossible, impolite, impatient等。 (3)in-: inactive, inconvenient, incorrect等。 (4)dis-: disabled, dishonest等。 (5)ir-: irregular, irresponsible等。 (6)il-: illegal等。 3. 副词后缀 一般都是 adj. +-ly构成, 如simple→simply等。 【点津】注意以-e结尾的形容词变副词时有的去掉e, 有的不去e, 直接加-ly。例如: definite→definitely, true→truly。 【典例剖析】用所给词的适当形式填空 (2015·陕西高考)When the dog named Judy spotted the first sheep in her life, she did what comes_________ (natural). 解题关键: 句意强调“她做了一件顺其自然的事”, 即符合狗本性的事。此处应该用副词naturally作状语, 修饰动词come。 答案判定: naturally 【高考题组】用所给词的适当形式填空/单句改错 1. (2015·全国卷Ⅱ)Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat ______ (slow)during cool nights. 2. (2015·全国卷Ⅱ)As _______(nature)architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days. slowly natural 3. (2014·全国卷Ⅰ)The river was so polluted that it _______ (actual)caught fire and burned. 4. (2014·辽宁高考)Bend your knees slightly and reach out your arms like tree branches, naturally and _____ (soft). actually softly 5. (2014·全国卷Ⅱ)Everyone on th