动词不定式的用法及习题.doc

动词不定式的用法 ——作者：欧阳天享 动词不定式由to+动词原形构成。这里的to是不定式标志，没有词义。不定式具有名词、形容词或副词的某些语法功能，又有动词的时态和语态的特点及作用。 常见的形式如表所示（以及物动词do为例），不及物动词没有被动语态。 时态\语态 主动 被动 一般式 to do to be done 进行式 to be doing / 完成式 to have done to have been done 完成进行式 to have been doing / 一、动词不定式的语法功能 1. 作主语。 1）谓语动词要用单数形式 To see is to believe. To obey the laws is important for us. 2) 常用it 作形式主语，构成“it is + adj /n (for sb) to do sth” It is important for him to finish so much homework in a day. It is very hard for a child to play the violin well. 2. 作宾语。 1）不定式用在及物动词后作动词的宾语，常见的及物动词有：want, decide, intend, fail, wish, expect, pretend, choose, need，mean, afford, demand, fail, offer, plan, manage, desire, determine, learn等。 I mean to go there at once. I want to do that thing by myself. 2) I不定式作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式短语放在宾补之后，而用it 作形式宾语。句型为：“主语+ 及物动词（feel/find/think/believe/consider…+ it + adj/n + to do sth”。 I think it necessary to report the thing to the teacher. I find it difficult to master a foreign language. 3. 作表语。 一般跟在系动词（如be, seem, appear, remain, get等）后面，用来说明主语的内容。 My dream is to be a doctor. The great happiness is to serve the people. He seems not to know the truth. 4. 作宾语补足语。 1）用在ask, want, tell, invite, advice, order, get, need, wish,expect 等动词的宾语之后，构成复合宾语。句型为：“want/ask sb. to do sth.”。 Mother told me to come back before 10:00. We invite him to take part in Mary’s birthday party. 2）在see, hear, feel, listen to, notice, watch, observe等感官动词和let, make, have等使役动词之后的宾语补足语中，不定式符号to 要省略。但这类句子变成被动语态时，必须带to。 I saw her enter the room. →She was seen to enter the room. The boss made those men work day and night. →Those men were made to work day and night. 5. 作定语。 作定语时，放在被修饰的名词工代词之后。不定式常和它修饰的词在动宾关系或主谓关系。 I have a lot of work to do today. She was the first person to think of the idea. 注意：作定语的动词不定式与所修饰的动词是不及物动词时，应在该动词后加上一个介词。 He has a nice pen to write with, He is looking for a room to live in. 6. 作状语。 动词不定式作状