孟加拉国河流污染情况 Bangladesh River.pdf

1 River pollution in Bangladesh: Unabated atrocity on peoples right to safe water [Bangladesh Poribesh Andolon (BAPA) Monitoring Cell works since 2005 with special emphasis on the rivers. Sources of information are secondary in nature sources comprise contact points and movements all over the country, media references academic expressions and issue based visits examinations which will be depicted in this presentation.] A. Introduction: a. Bangladesh is a deltaic land created flown over by numerous rivers; the land is also consistently nourished by their water flows Bangladesh had 1400 to 1500 rivers in the th 11 Century but reduced to 7 to 8 hundreds due to various natural anthropogenic factors during the establishment of the then East Pakistan. Presently no more than 230 to 310 rivers with numerous tributaries distributaries are existent in the country out of which 25 rivers are already dead or going to die. Dozens of other are drying up gradually. Only around 100 rivers have navigable depth round the year at the moment. Total river route in the country in 1971 was 24,140 Km covering 8% country area now that has been reduced to 3800 km only during the lean flow period. b . There are three principal river systems in the country: (a) Barak-Meghna (b) Brahmaputra-Jamuna (c) Ganga-Padma. Teesta is no less important water flow for the country because it is the terminal tributary for the Brahmaputra. These systems and other all rivers carry a water load of about 1074 billion cubic meters (bcm) from the up stream sources. Rainfall adds another 251 bcm of water volume. Around 150 bcm of water is required to be available in the riverbeds to maintain navigability. B. River Degradation through Physical Contaminants. Physical Degradations include: reduced flow, siltation, erosion, cordon structures and encroa