Chapter13状语从句的译法.ppt

Chapter 13 状语从句的译法 （一）时间状语从句 （二）原因状语从句 （三）地点状语从句 （四）条件状语从句 （五）让步状语从句 （六）方式状语从句 （七）结果状语从句 （八）目的状语从句 （九）比较状语从句 （一）时间状语从句： The air pushes against things when they move in it. 物体在空气中运动时，空气便对其产生阻力。 自1949年新中国成立以来，我国的科学技术取得了很大成就。 Great achievements have been made in our science and technology since new China founded in 1949. 1.不论原句中主从句的次序如何，均按汉语习惯转译成位于句首的短语： 2.转译成汉语的并列复句： The earth turns round its axis as it travels about the sun. 地球一面绕太阳运行，一面绕地轴自转。 还没等上油，他就把机器开动了。 He operated the machine when it was not oiled. 3.转译成汉语中特定条件句中的条件分句（表特定条件的偏句）或表原因的分句： When this question is answered, even better and cheaper electrical materials can be developed. 只要这一问题得到解决，就能研制出更好更便宜的电工材料。 由于风把沙砾吹起来，碰撞大岩石，因而较松散的岩石层便会慢慢磨损。 When winds blow sand particles against a large rock for a long time, the softer layers of the rock are slowly worn away. 2.转译成汉语中假设复句中的假设分句： Turn off the switch when anything goes wrong with the machine. 如果机器发生故障，（那么）清将电闸拉下。 许多世纪过去以后，人类才发现了电。 Many centuries had passed before man found electricity. 3.主句转译成汉语的短语，从句转译成汉语的单句： Hardly had the operator pressed the button when all the electric machines began to work. （当）操作人员一按电钮，所有电机就开始运行。 2.译成汉语的后续式分句： Hence, in this work we investigate the use of dual adaptive control for the affined class of nonlinear, discrete-time systems when the nonlinear functions are unknown and a stochastic additive disturbance is present at the output. 因此，本文将研究双效自适应控制在一类非线性、离散时间系统中的应用，该系统的非线性特征未知，在系统输出上还附有随机干扰。 （二）原因状语从句： As a steel ship is hollow, it floats on water. 由于钢船是空心的，因此能浮在水面。 因为燃料用完了，所以发动机停了。 The engine stopped because the fuel was used up. 1.不论英语中从句的位置是在句首还是在句末，汉译时状语从句大多按汉语习惯译在句首： 2.有时当从句处于主句之后时，为了考虑与上下文的呼应，也可采用顺译法，将从句仍译在句后： The material first used was copper because it was easily obtained in its pure state. 最早使用的材料是铜，因为纯铜易得。 （三）地点状语从句： Where there is sound, there must be sound waves. 只要有声音，就会有声波。 无论控制系统什么地方发生故障，都会有办法。 A signal will be shown wherever anything wrong occurs with the control system. 1.转译成特定条件句中的条件分句（表特定条件的偏句）： 2.转译成无条件句中的分句（表排除