新目标英语八年级下现在完成时态剖析.doc

Present Perfect Tense Topic: Present Perfect Tense presenter:Miss Liu Teaching Aim: To master the usage of the past perfect tense Steps: 用法 I live in Shanghai.(一般现在时) I moved to Shanghai ten years ago.(一般过去时) I have lived in Shanghai ten years ago.(现在完成时) 1. 表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 e.g. –Have you had your lunch yet? –Yes, I have. I’ve just had it. (现在我不饿了。) 2. 表示动作或状态从过去某一时刻开始，一直延续到现在，而且可能还要继续下去。 e.g. I haven’t seen her these days. I’ve known Bob for three years. I’ve been at this school for over two years. 时间状语 already, yet, just, ever, never, before 以前从来不出现，最近曾经一两遍，自从刚刚for一段，近来已经很明显 现在完成时态的标志，“以前”是before, “从来不”是never,”“最近”是recently，“曾经”是ever，“一两遍”分别是once 和twice，自从是since，近来是“these days”，“已经”是already或yet. 在现在完成时中，siince有三种情况：since+(过去的）月份，年份since+一段时间+agosince+一般过去时从句。 Have you ever seen her? We’re never been there before. Has Tom had his lunch yet? Wang Fei has read the book twice. 构成 现在完成时是由“助动词have / has+ 动词的过去分词”构成的，规则动词的过去分词构成与过去式相同，不规则动词的过去分词则需逐个记忆。 动词的过去式的变化和过去分词的变化并不完全相同。我们对它们作了一个大致的分类。 (注：例子中单词的变化顺序为：动词原形 → 动词的过去式? → 动词的过去分词) 规则变化： 1. 一般在动词词尾直接加ed。如：pick → picked → picked; wish → wished → wished; stay → stayed → stayed 2. 以不发音的e结尾的动词后面加d。如：like → liked → liked; hope → hoped → hoped; phone → phoned → phoned 3. 以“辅音字母 + y”结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-ed。如：study → studied → studied; hurry → hurried → hurried; reply → replied → replied 4. 词尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节动词，要双写辅音字母，再加-ed。如：stop → stopped → stopped; clap → clapped → clapped 不规则变化： 5. 以不变应万变。如：let → let → let; put → put → put; read → read → read 6. 若中间有双写e，则去掉一个e，单词末尾再加t。如：feel → felt → felt; keep → kept → kept; sleep → slept → slept 7. 结尾的字母d变t。如：lend → lent → lent; build → built → built; send → sent → sent 8. 变为以-ought或-aught结尾。如：buy → bought → bought; bring → brought → brought; catch → caught → caught; teach → taught → taught 句式 1. 肯定句：主语 + have / has + 过去分词 (+ 其他) 2. 否定句：主语 + have / has + not + 过去 分词(+ 其他) 3. 一般疑问句：have/ has + 主语 + 过去分词(+ 其他) 4. 特殊疑问句： 1) 特殊疑问词 (不是句子主语) + have / has + 主