Module7Unit1动词不定式.ppt

Unit 1 Living well Structures Revising useful structures --- Infinitives 动词不定式是由“不定式符号to+动词原形”构成的一种非谓语动词结构。 有些动词不定式不带to，动词不定式可以作句子的主语、表语、宾语、定语、补语、状语或单独使用。 不定式保留动词的某些特性，可以有自己的宾语、状语等。 动词不定式和它后面的宾语、状语等一起构成短语，叫作不定式短语。 动词不定式的时态与语态 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 进行式 完成式 完成进行式 不定式 to do to be done to be doing to have done to have been done to have been doing ---------- ---------- (1).They pretended not to see us. (2). He pretended to be sleeping. (3).She pretended to have known it before. (一般式表示与谓语动作同时/几乎/发生在它之后) (在谓语动作发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行) (完成式表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动作之前) (4).We’re happy to have been working with you. (完成进行式表示在谓语动作发生之前,不定式的动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续) 1. 作主语 2. 作宾语 3. 作宾语补足语 4. 作定语 5. 作状语 6. 作表语 7. 作独立成分 8. 与疑问词等连用 动词不定式的用法/功能 To see is to believe. It’s important to learn a foreign language. (1). 主语 不定式作主语时, 往往放在谓语之后，用it作形式主语。 My job is to help the patient. Your task is to clean the classroom. (2). 表语 常跟在系动词后面作表语 I want to go home. The workers demanded to get better pay. I found it necessary to talk to him again. (3) 宾语 think/ consider/ find it + adj. to do 常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有：ask, agree, afford, choose, decide, determine, expect, decide, hope, like, learn, offer, pretend, prefer, plan, want, wish, refuse, manage, 既可接动词不定式又可接v-ing形式作宾语，意思差别不太大的动词有begin, start, like, love等。一般说来，动词不定式表一次、数次的具体动作、将来动作或动作的全过程； v-ing形式表习惯性的连续动作。但是这种区别并不很严格，如： Then I started to watch English-language TV. I’m beginning to understand my Chinese roots, and who I am. 注：begin用了进行时态，后面只接不定式作宾语，表示事情刚开始，还要继续下去。 后接动词不定式或v-ing形式作宾语，意思差别较大的动词有forget, remember等。后接不定式作宾语，表动作尚未发生；后接v-ing形式作宾语，表动作已经发生。 stop to do停下来做另外一件事 stop doing停止做、不做当前这件事 try to do尽力做 try doing试试看 go on to do接着做另外的事 go on doing继续做原来的事 The teacher told me to clean the blackboard. I expect you to give me some help. (4). 宾补 五看 watch see look at observe notice 三使 let make have 二听 listen to hear 一感觉 feel warn, tell, allow, help, ask, force等 +sb to do sth +sb. do sth. I made him do his work. He was made