VERBTENSE动词时态.ppt

VERB TENSE 动词的时态 概说 时态是一种语法范畴，是用以表达各种时间和动作方面的动词形式。 时间有四个主要部分，即现在、过去、将来和过去将来。动作方面也有四种，即一般、完成、进行和完成进行。将这些时间和动作组合在一起，即构成英语的16种时态，简称“时”（tense）。见下表格： 四个动作方面各有特点 一般方面，用以叙述一单纯事实，时间可以不具体。 完成方面，用以表述一个动作已完成。动作发生于前一个时间，但是该动作对现在存在影响，说话人的兴趣一般在于后一个时间。 进行方面，表示动作正在进行。 完成进行方面，兼有完成与进行两个方面的特点。 一般现在时的构成形式如下表 一.一般现在时的基本用法 一般现在时常常表示经常发生的动作或者经常存在的状态。，常和always, often, usually, every day, sometimes等表时间的状语连用，又是这些时间状语可不表达出来。 1. I go to school every day. 2. He is always like that. 3. If you speak too fast, I find it difficult to follow you. 一般现在时表将来 表示最近即将发生的动作，时常和why don’t you 连用。 Why don’t you try the baker’s shop on Wells Street? 表预定的行为，即已经安排好了的行为。 The train leaves at nine p.m. When do you start? 用于表将来的从句。 I will wait till he comes. Next time I will do as he says. I will give you anything you ask for. Let’s see who gets there first. 二.一般过去时的基本用法 一般过去时常表过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表过去的时间状语连用,如a minute ago, yesterday, last work, in 1998, during the night, in those days等等.用一般过去时,要表达“过多少时间之后”, 一般用after而不用in.一般过去时也可与today, this week, this morning等时间状语连用,但这些时间状语都需指过去,而不指现在. Tom suddenly fell ill yesterday. They got married last year. She didn’t look well when I last saw her. Did you see her today? He went out just now. 一般过去时还可有下列情况:1.用于since从句中.主句的谓语动词用完成时态,其后接的since引导的从句一般用过去时态. You haven’t changed much since I last saw you ten years ago. It has been one year since I moved back from the countryside. 一般过去时还可表死者的状态. Who is the man in this picture? He was my grandfather. 一般过去时还可表委婉客气的语气. I wondered if you could help me out of this. Did you want anything else? 三.一般将来时 一般将来时用来表示单纯的将来事实,一般和tomorrow, next week, in a few days等表将来的时间状语连用.也可与now, today, tonight等时间词连用. He will come next week. Can I see tomorrow morning? I will do it now. They will go at 7 o’clock tonight. You go ahead, I will catch up. I will ask him as soon as I see him. 四,一般过去将来时 一般过去将来时表示在过去将来的某一时间里发生的动作或存在的状态.一般用在间接引语中,主句的谓语动词为过去时态.如