人教新目标英语中考一轮复习九年级Unit9课件.ppt

The passive voice 一、语态 英语中动词有主动语态和被动语态两种语态. 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示 主语是动作的承受者,在被动语态中动作 的执行者 有时用by短语表示出来. 二、被动语态的构成 助动词be+及物动词的过去分词 am(is,are)+done 一般现在时 was(were)+done 一般过去时 三、被动语态的用法 1. 不知动作执行者时,常用被动语态. eg. My bike was stolen yesterday. This car is made in American. 2. 不必要说出动作执行者时,常用被动语态。 eg. Rome was not built in a day. 3. 为了突出强调动作的承受者时,常用被动语态. eg. Thousands of beaches are polluted . 四、主动语态变为被动语态的步骤: They speak English. 主语 谓语 宾语 English is spoken by them. 主语 谓语动词的过去分词 宾语 (1)主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。 (2)主动语态的谓语动词变为被动语态的谓语动词，即”“be+及物动词的过去分词”(be有时态、人称和数的变化)。 (3)主动语态的主语变为by的宾语。 主动语态改被动语态 五、被动语态的时态表示 被动语态的时态一般只通过be表现, 过去分词 不变。例如： 一般现在时: The trees are planted by the farmers. 一般过去时: The trees were planted by the farmers. 现在进行时: The trees are being planted by the farmers. 一般将来时：The trees will be planted by the farmers. 现在完成时：The trees have been planted by the farmers. 含情态动词的被动语态：The trees can (must,should) be planted by the farmers. 六、被动语态的几种句型： 肯定句 主语+be+过去分词+(by…) A sweet song was sung by her on the stage. 否定句 主语+be+not+过去分词+(by…) A sweet song wasn’t sung by her on the stage. 一般疑问句 Be+主语+过去分词+(by…) Was a sweet song sung by her on the stage? 特殊疑问句 疑问词+be+主语+过去分词+(by…) Where was a sweet song sung by her? 1. be used for doing…意为“被用来……”,强调用途或作用。 be used as 意为”被当作……来用”，强调被当作工具或手段来用。 be used by 意为“被……使用，强调使用者。 e.g. The big box is used as a table. The car is used by our manager. 2. Invent v，意为“发明，创造”。 invention n，“发明，发明物” inventor n, “发明者” 3. Battery-operated slippers were invented by… operate用法： (1) “操作” e.g. Can you operate the computer? (2)“起作用，见效果” e.g.The sleeping pill operated at once. (3)“经营，管理” e.g.The company operates ten factories. (4)“动手术” e.g.The doctor will operate on his mother n