关系代词which用法说明.doc

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关系代词which用法说明 ? 1. 既可引导限制性定语从句,也可用作非限制性定语从句。如: This is the photo (that) I took. 这就是我拍的照片。 The river, which flows through London, is called the Thames. 这条流经伦敦的河叫泰晤士河。 2. which引导定语从句时,它在从句中主要用作主语或宾语,但有时也可用作定语,在意义上大致相当于this或that。如: We told him to consult the doctor, which advice he took. 我们叫他去看医生,他听取了我们的劝告。 He is studying economics, which knowledge is very important today. 他学经济学,这种知识现今很重要。 注意,它与用作定语的关系代词whose用法不同——whose引导定语从句时,它在意义上大致相当于one’s。如: Wolves are highly social animals whose success depends upon cooperation. 狼是高度群体化的动物,它们的成功依赖于合作。 3. 关系代词which原则上只指物,不指人;指人要用who。但是,有时指的不是具体的某人,而是指人的属性(如职业、身份、地位、职务、品质、特征等),则要用which 而不用who。如: He talked like a scholar, which he was not. 他说起话来像个学者,其实他没什么学问。 She talked like a native, which she hardly was. 她说起话来像是个本地人,其实她不见得是。 They accused him of being a traitor, which he was. 他们指控他是叛徒,他真是叛徒。 4. 注意不要一看到句前有逗号,就以为一定要用which来引导非限制性定语从句。如以下几句逗号后的that均不能换成which(原因是逗号前的句子为状语从句): If a book is in English, that means slow progress for you. 如果一本书是用英语写的,那就意味着你要读慢些。 If he’s only interested in your looks, that just shows how shallow he is. 如果他只对你的相貌感兴趣,那就说明他相当浅薄。 When I say two hours, that includes time for eating. 我说两小时,那是包括了吃饭的时间。 5. 比较下面两句,第一句用了连词but,其后用them;第二句没用连词but,其后用which: She wrote a lot of novels, but none of them were popular.=She wrote a lot of novels, none of which were popular. 她写过许多本小说,但没有一本是受欢迎的。 6. 有时可以见到“介词+关系代词+不定式”这样的结构(可视为一种紧缩的定语从句)。比较: She must have time in which to grow calm.=She must have time in which she can grow calm. 她必须有冷静下来时的时间。 She had some money in the bank, with which to help her mother.=She had some money in the bank, with which she could help her mother. 她银行里有些钱用来帮助她的母亲。 值得指出的是,这类结构中的介词不能没有,并且该介词也不能位于不定式后面,比较: There the children had a garden in which to play.(很正式) There the children had a garden in which they could play.(较正式) There the children had a garden to play in.(较口语化)在那儿孩子们有个可以玩耍的花园。 但是不能说:There the children had a garden which to play in. 7. 有时可见到由which引导的非限制性定语从句单独成句。如: Mary is enormously respected. Whic

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