定语从句专项.ppt

(一)定语从句专项讲解;;9.adv及其短语：a village nearby。 10.定语从句;1.关系词;1.2关系限定词（relative determiner），即代替先行项在从句中作定语的关系词，只有whose和which。例如： The woman whose umbrella you took is very angry. It stromed all day, during which time the ship broke up. ;1.3 关系副词（relative adverb），即代替先行项在从句中作状语的关系词。常用的有when，where，why等.例如： ?This is the school where I am going to work. ?The reason why he failed is still obscure. ?Peter always comes on those days when I am busy.;2.定语从句的种类;2) 限制性定语从句的先行项指部分，非限制性定语从句的先行项指全部。例如： His aunt who lives in California came to visit him recently. His aunt, who lives in California came to visit him recently. ;2.2 定语从句根据结构可以分为： 1）简单定语从句（简单句构成的定语从句）： The man you saw right now is our headmaster. 2)并列定语从句（两个或更多定语从句并列修饰一个先行项）： Miss Li, who knows English and French but who does not know Chinese, has great difficulty in studying Chinese literature. ;3)多重定语从句（两个或更多定语从句重叠修饰一个先行项）： There is no man on earth who knows him that does not respect him. 4)复合定语从句（复合句用作定语从句，即定语从句还带有其他从句）： John， who I rememeber was good in high school, didnt do so well in college. 补充：复合句即含有一个或更多从句（从属的主谓结构）的句子 This is where she was born.;3.关系词的选择;(3)关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，若介词位于从句句尾，可以用who(m)/that指人，用which/that指物，都可以省去；若介词位于从句句首，只能用whom指人，which指物，不能省去。 The man (that/who/whom) I bought it from told me to oil it. The man from whom I bought it told me to oil it.;(4)一般只用that的情况： ?先行项是指物的不定代词all，little，much，none，something，anything，everything等时。（例句自己想） ?先行项被不定限定词any,every,all,no等修饰时（eg：） ?先行项被最高级形容词修饰时 ?先行项被表示顺序的序数词和last，next修饰或被表示唯一性或强调的形容词only，（the）very等修饰时 ;?先行项指人而在从句中做表语或补语时，例如： Thomas isnt the hero that I thought he was. I am not the fool that you thought me. ?先行项是既指人又指物的名词短语时，例如： The heroes and their deeds that he describes are familiar to us. (注意回顾familiar的用法) ?先行项是疑问代词who、which时 eg:Who that have worked with him do not like him?;?存在句中用作定语从句时，that几乎总是省去 例如： We want the best (that) there is. This is the best book (that) there is on this subject. 补充： 存在句：there be + np（名词词组）+place that在存在句中作主语 There is everything go