林业经营Forestry Management.ppt

3.6 Family forestry station management (家庭林场经营) 3.7 Contract in which profit is related to production effect (联产联利承包经营, 适应于木材加工, 林产化工等经营生产) 3.8 Joint stock cooperation system(股份合作经营) 3.9 Contract management by people from nearby area (社会劳动承包经营) 3.10 Management under lease(租赁经营) 3.11 Forest industry enterprise groups(森工企业集团公司) 3.12 Joint stock system(股份制企业) Section 4 Forestry Property Right 第四节 林业产权 4.1 definition: 产权基本上等同与所有权, 包括占有权,使用权,收益权和处分权.( Property right basically equal possess right, includes rights of possession, right of use, usufruct and disposition). 4.2 The characteristics of property right (产权的特点) 以法占有财产的权利(to own the property by law) 产权具有排他性(exclusiveness) (3) 产权行使具有限制性 (restrictions on its exercise ) (4) 产权不是一种而是一组权利, 可以分解, 组合, 买卖和转让 (5) 产权有助于使外部效益内部化(external to internal) 4.3林业产权的特点 (1)林业产权收益的外部性 (2)林业产权排他的有限性 (3)林业产权界定和保护的困难性 (4)林业产权交易的复杂性 (5)林业产权资产的流量性 (6)林业产权收益预期的不确定性 (7)林业产权计量的困难性 Section five Social forestry 第五节 社会林业 1.1 Definition of social forestry (社会林业的定义) There are different definitions have been given , the common point for them is: essentially, social forestry is public forestry, the common people participate in it and get benefit from it directly. 社会林业定义很多, 虽然其侧重点不同, 但有共同之处: 本质上, 社会林业是公众的林业, 普通人民直接参与其中并从中获得利益. Definition and background (定义与背景) 1.2 The history and environment background of social forestry emergences (社会林业产生的历史和环境背景) 首次提出: 1968年, 印度林学家 J. G. Westoby. 1973年印度政府实施 ‘社会林业计划’. 1978年第八届世界林业大会(印尼)通过雅加达宣言, 强调林业对乡村发展的作用, 社会林业受到重视(特别是发展中国家) 本理论的产生和流行主要是发展中国家, 有其背景原因: 乡村贫困 毁林种田 过度樵采 乱砍乱伐 过度放牧 森林资源 减少, 环境 恶化 解决办法: 将林业纳入整个乡村发展规划 ------ 社会林业 2. Social forestry system and basic types (社会林业系统和基本类型) 2.1 Social forestry in broad sense(广义的社会林业) The broad sense social forestry is targeted at conservation of biological gene, coordination of ecological environment in a whole country or big area.(广义的社会林业是指以保存生物基因, 协调全国和大区域的生态环境为目标的社会林业). The social and ecological benefit of forest will play rule in a big area, li