殖民扩张与议会改革.ppt

* Colonial Expansion and Parliamentary Reforms I.Colonial Expansion: Reason:in the middle of the 19th century the workshop of the world large markets were needed Expansion A.The Crimean War a.Time: 1845---1856 b.The countries involved: Britain,Turkey,France,Russia c.Reason: the balance of power in Europe keep Turkey as a barrier against Russian expansion into theBalkans Consequence: In 1856 peace(Paris), Russia agreed not to fortify Sebastopol, and the Danube River was opened to free navigation. In Asia In India: In 1857, Indian soldiers in the British army in India rebelled However, the British element in the Indian army was strengthened C.China: a.In 1840 , the Opium War ( Treaty of Nanjing,1842) b1856---1860, plundered and burned down the YuanMingYuan palace with French c. In 1900, with 7 other countries, The treaty of Peking D. In other Asian countries: In 1842, Singapore and Malaya In 1886, Burma In Africa: Got the Cape colony from Holland In 1901, defeated the Boers and dissolved the two republics In fact, occupied one-third of the whole of Africa From the mid-19th century a number of British colonies were organized into dominions. a.Dominions: Canada(1900), Australia, New Zealand, South Africa b.The “empire on which the sun never sets” II. The Industrial Monopoly and Its Declining Reasons of the monopoly:a. became the workshop of the world b.foreign market were extended and demands for British goods increased c.vast colonies monopoly profit Mid-Victorian prosperity reach its peak in a boom.But… III.Party P