段落的基本结构和写法.ppt

段落的基本结构和写法 段落是文章结构的基本组成部分，段落一般由主题句（topic sentence), 扩展句(supporting sentence), 结论句（concluding sentence) 组成。 一、主题句 1。 主题句的定义 主题句是对段落中心思想的概括，是作者主要写作意图的反映，是段落的核心，其余部分都要围绕它展开论述，因此，主题句是整个段落的纲领。 如： Private cars benefit both individuals and the nation. Private cars benefit both individuals and the nation. It is very convenient for people to drive to work, study and do many other things. By encouraging people to buy cars, the nation can stimulate consumption and the domestic demand, and enhance the national economy. 2. 主题句的特点 （1）主题句一般位于段首。 （2）主题句一般是简单句。试比较 ---People’s view on the holiday economy varies from person to person. ---It is well known that holidays are important for us and concerning the holiday economy, different people have different opinions. (3)主题句一般是议论句，表达自己的观点，也就是说的要由point（观点）或 topic (话题），这样扩展句才能展开。 （4）主题句除了要由topic以外，还要由controlling idea （限制性观点），也就是说要具体，不要大而空。试比较： ---Bikes are very important. ---Bikes have brought a lot of convenience to our daily lives. ---American food is terrible. ---American food is tasteless and greasy 注意主题句不能过于具体，否则，作者在下文中便难对其加以展开说明、解释。 如： American food is tasteless and greasy because Americans use too many canned,frozen, and prepackaged food, and because everything is fried in oil or butter. 该句已经对American food为什么tasteless and greasy做了细节上的解释，没有进一步展开的余地。 (5)另外一种主体局的常用写法：没有具体的controlling idea, 只是告诉大家作者将分几个方面对主题展开讨论，我们称之为“分段式”，如: People have been trying to solve this problem in the following three ways:… 练习 157 写出以下三段的主题句 Harmfulness of Fake Commodities. 1.伪劣产品的现状 2。伪劣产品出现的原因 3。对此解决的方法 1. With the development of a market economy, fake commodities are becoming a more and more serious problem in our society. 2. There are many causes for this social problem, but I think the main ones for it are as follows. 3. So fake commodities is a serious problem in our society and deserves attention from all walks of life. College Students’ Job-hunting 1。解释说明大学生找工作的现