重访发展政治学_佛兰西丝_哈葛扁.pdfVIP

重访发展政治学 文 /FrancesHagopian [ ] 内容提要 本文回顾了四十年来发展政治学的成果。发展政治学在早期曾试图建立一个研究发展中国家的 [ ] 政治和政治变化的理论框架。但后来知识界对现代化理论和结构功能主义提出了挑战,从而削弱了这一理 想。而且 现实世界中事件的发展 证明发展政治学中目的论的视角是有问题的。不过 后来 发展政治学在 , , , , 政治制度、民主的稳定和崩溃、国家结构、公民社会和政治发展的不平衡等方面的研究上取得了长足的进 展。本文认为 当前 繁多的证据表明 政治发展和政治衰败过程是多种多样的。因此 发展政治学应当避免 , , , , 倒退到一种新的现代化理论之中。相反,该领域应当专注在国家改革、民主统治、代议政治、责任政府、公民 社会的组织等这些论题上。关注这些广泛而活跃的问题, 发展政治学会对比较政治学作出重要的理论贡 献。 : AbstractThis article reviews fourdecades ofscholarship on politicaldevelopm ent.Itcontends thatthe theoretical am bitions ofthe early politicaldevelopm ent literature to fram e the com parative inquiry ofpolitics and political change in less developed countries were underm ined by intellectualchallenges to the paradigm s ofm odernization and structuralfunctionalism and thatthe literature’ s teleologicaldim ension was contradicted by real-world events. , , , Nonetheless in subsequentdecades the field m ade greatadvances in the study ofpoliticalinstitutions dem o- , , , cratic stability and breakdown state structures civilsociety and the uneven characterofpoliticaldevelopm entit- self.The article argues thatam id m anifold evidence ofpluralform s ofpoliticaldevelopm entand decay atthe cen- , ’ tury send the field should avoid relapses into neom odernization theory and instead focuson such issuesas state reform , , , dem ocratic governance politicalrepresentation and accountability and the organization ofcivilsocieties. Such an expansive and fluid research agenda willenable the field ofpoliticaldevelopm entto generate im portant t