大豆田地表蜘蛛群落结构及优势种群动态分析-四川动物.doc

尊敬的四川动物编辑部注意标红并加以简要说明何昌彤，郑国，李学军何昌彤，郑国*，李学军 (沈阳师范大学化学与生命科学学院，沈阳 110034)摘要：为了研究农田地表蜘蛛的边缘效应及优势种群动态特征，本文采用陷阱法对岫岩地区大豆田地表蜘蛛进行了系统调查和分析。共采集成熟蜘蛛3312头，属于11科23属38种。其中狼蛛科和皿蛛科为优势科，白纹舞蛛、晨豹蛛、赫氏豹蛛、草间钻头蛛、锯胸微蛛为优势种。大豆田边缘样带与内部样带的蜘蛛物种数量和优势种类均存在差异。多样性分析的结果表明，从大豆田边缘到内部地表蜘蛛的物种数量、丰富度指数Dmg、多样性指数H′有逐渐降低的趋势，说明大豆田地表蜘蛛存在着明显的边缘效应。群落相似性分析的结果也证明了边缘效应的存在。大豆与玉米间作可以显著提高地表蜘蛛的均匀度指数，对蜘蛛多样性和丰度的影响很小。通过优势种的动态分析发现，地表蜘蛛优势种类的时间动态变化明显。 关键词：大豆田；蜘蛛；优势种；多样性；边缘效应 中图分类号：Q958.15 Analysis of the Edge Effect and Dynamics of Dominant Species of Ground-dwelling Spiders in Soybean Field in Xiuyan, Liaoning Province HE Changtong, ZHENG Guo, LI Xuejun (College of Chemistry and Life Science, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, China) Abstract: In order to study the edge effect and dynamic features of advantaged population of ground-dwelling spiders, an investigation and analysis of ground-dwelling spiders has been conducted in soybean field of Xiuyan region by means of pitfall traps. The number of adult spiders are 3312, belonging to 38 species, 23 genera and 11 families. Among them, Lycosidae and Linyphiidae were dominant family; Alopecosa albostriata, Pardosa chionophila, Pardosa hedini, Hylyphantes graminicola and Erigone koshiensis were dominant species. The number of species and dominant species from the soybean field edge to interior are different. The results showed that the number of species, Margalef species richness (Dmg) and Shannon-Wiener’s diversity index (H′) were descended from the edge to the interior of soybean field, which indicated that ground-dwelling spiders were affected obviously by edge effect. The community similarity analysis also confirmed the above result. Our finding also indicated that the intercrop of soybean and corn can significantly improve the Pielou evenness index (J) of while has little effect on spider diversity and abundance. The result of dynamic analysis of the dominant species showed an obviously dynamic change of time to ground-dwelling spiders in soybean field. Key words: