《论语》诠释及儒学演进.doc

《论语》诠释及儒学演进 　　[摘要] 《论语“攻乎异端，斯害也已”因首论“异端”而为传统儒者所重视。尤其是宋代以来，伴随着儒学的理论拓展和历史演进，“异端”相应地被众多学者赋予了他技、小道、诸子百家、佛老、异己者、两端等内涵，其疆界逐渐扩展，直至以“异端”指称与儒家正道相左的一切思想学术形态。透过历代学者的诠释，我们可以看到儒学演进的脉络与轨迹。同时，从历代儒者的诠释中还可以看到，此章所蕴含的儒学发展观念也得到了多方面的展开。有的学者激烈地排斥“异端”，有的学者温和地对待“异端”，否定对“异端”的批判，甚至肯定“异端”存在的价值。在他们的诠释、阐发中蕴含了对儒学发展方式的不同思考 [关键词] 《论语》；异端；正统；经典诠释；儒学演进 [中图分类号] B222.2[文献标识码] A[文章编号] 1008―1763（2017）01―0005―07 Abstract：Due to expounding on “heresy” for the first time， “Attack/Study Heresy” in The Analects got traditional scholars of the more and more attention. Especially since the Song Dynasty， with the development and historical evolution of Confucianism， the concept of “heresy” was given many connotations by the traditional scholars accordingly， such as little mans skills， insignificant things， preQin thinkers， Buddhism， Taoism， dissident， both sides. What is more， its borders got extended gradually， until the “heresy” was regarded as all the academic thought patterns what contrary to the ways of Confucianism. Through interpretation of many scholars in China’s history， we can see the vein and historical evolution of traditional Confucianism from the interpretation of Confucianism in all the past dynasties in China.we can also see that this chapter contains the various concepts of Confucianism development. Some scholars strongly rejected “heresy”. However， some scholars treated “heresy” gently； they denied the criticism of the “heresy” and even affirmed the value of the “heresy”. In their interpretation， interpreting contains the different thinking of the development ways of Confucianism. Key words： the Analects；heresy；the orthodoxy；the classic interpretation；evolution of Confucianism 《论语孔子之言：“攻乎异端，斯害也已。” 据出土的定州汉墓竹简《论语》本，此章“攻”作“功”。（河北省文物研究所定州汉墓竹简整理小组：《定州汉墓竹简论语》，北京：文物出版社，1997年，第12页。）另据传世的皇侃的《论语集解义疏》，此章“已”后多“矣”。（[魏]何晏集解，[梁]皇侃义疏：《论语集解义疏》卷一《为政》，《丛书集成初编》，北京：中华书局，1985年，第20?。）自汉代开始，以此章“异端”为核心的诠释甚多。大体而言，历代歧解，均以如何看待“异端”为核心；以“正统”为基准，强调“异端”之害，可以说是其主流原则。当然，其中又存在明显差异。从诠释面向来看，主要有三个方面：其一，是训“攻”为“治”，