经济金融常用术语.doc

经济金融常用术语方凡泉宏观经济?macro?economy?计划经济?planned?economy?指令性计划?mandatory?plan?指导性计划?guidance?plan社会主义市场经济（中国）?socialist?market?economy社会市场经济（德国）?social?market?economy新经济（美国）?new?economy?知识经济?knowledge-based?economy网络经济?Internet-based?networked?economy?信息时代?information?age全球化?globalization?（全球境?globality）?信息经济?IT?economy外向型经济?export-oriented?economy?实体经济?the?real?economy?经济规律?laws?of?economics?市场调节?market?regulation优化资源配置?optimize?allocation?of?resources?规模经营优势?advantage?of?economies?of?scale劳动密集型?labor?intensive?技术密集型?technology?intensive大规模生产?mass?production?新凯恩思主义?new?Keynesian货币主义者?monetarist?供给学派?supply-side?economist第一产业（农业）?agriculture?(primary?industry)第二产业（工业）?manufacturing?industry?(secondary?industry)第三产业（服务业）?service?industry?(tertiary?industry)主要经济指标?major?economic?indicators国内生产总值?GDP?gross?domestic?product?（商品和劳务币值总和，不包括海收收入支出）国民生产总值?GNP?gross?national?product（商品和劳务币值总和，包括海外收入支出）人均国内生产总值?GDP?per?capita?实际增长率?growth?rate?in?real?terms年均增长率?average?growth?rate?per?annum投资回报率?rate?of?return?on?investment?外贸进出口总额?total?foreign?trade?value实际利用外资?incoming?overseas?capital?(investment)?in?place消费价格指数?consumer?price?index?(CPI)零售价格指数?retail?price?index?（RPI）生活费用价格总指数?total?price?index?of?living?cost生活费用?income?available?for?living?expenses?扣除物价因素?in?real?terms?/?on?inflation-adjusted?basis?居民储蓄存款?residents’?bank?savings?deposit恩格尔系数（食品开支占总支出的比例）?Engel?coefficient基尼系数（衡量地区差别）?Gini?coefficient购买力平价法?purchasing?power?parity?(PPP)?（衡量使用不同货币的两个国家或地区的经济水平、收入水平的一种计算法，用相等的汇率比较两种货币各自的国内购买力）片面追求发展速度?excessive?pursuit?of?growth?泡沫经济?bubble?economy?经济过热?overheating?of?economy通货膨胀?inflation?不景气?slump?（衰退?recession）?通货紧缩?deflation中国现代化建设分三步走的战略the?three-step?development?strategy?of?China’s?modernization?drive第一步，到1990年国民生产总值比1980年翻一番?Step?One:?GDP?of?1990?doubles?that?of?1980.第二步，到2000年人均国民生产总值比1980年翻两番，人民生活达到小康水平?Step?Two:?GDP?of?2000?quadruples?that?of?1980;?people?live?a?fairly?comfortable?life.第三步，到21世纪中期建国100周年时，达到中等发达国家水平?