美国经济之宏观调控.doc

U.S. Economy ：Monetary Fiscal Policy An international overview of the macro-control status among the two camps in the world, macro-control problems can be described as the same thing. First, in the capitalist world, the 1930 world economic crisis, the Keynesian [1] to be shipped born, capitalist countries entered a combination of government and market a modern market economy period. Roosevelt New Deal of the historic victory, State intervention in the economy in the U.S., then the entire capitalist world as a basic national policy to be finalized. Sixties and seventies of the twentieth century, the stagflation as characteristics of the new round of economic crisis after, replaced by mixed economy theory [2] began to champion the early eighties, the focus of economic law system began to shift gradually to achieve a representative from the antitrust market regulatory law to macro-control law changes. until the 1990s, only a modern mainstream economics new synthesis [3] trend. In contrast the development process, from the political country , economic state and then to the rule of law, [4] from the negative one-sided Ye Jing country to a comprehensive intervention State of the hand, from market failures of the state intervention in the economy to shape the future of the country [5] modern macro-control laws, especially state actors in the regulation of economic law [6] process plays increasingly important role. The role of government in the American economy extends far beyond its activities as a regulator of specific industries. The government also manages the overall pace of economic activity, seeking to maintain high levels of employment and stable prices. It has two main tools for achieving these objectives: fiscal policy, through which it determines the appropriate level of taxes and spending; and monetary policy, through which it manages the supply of money. The Federal Reserve, the independent U.S. central bank, manages the money supply and use of credit (monetar