明代心学对当代精神困境之启示.doc

明代心学对当代精神困境之启示 　　[摘要] 作为人类整体文明进步的必经之路，现代化在给人类带来种种福祉的同时，也使人类走向了精神?无困境。精神?无困境之病因，在于人类沉湎于务外遗内的庸俗化之中，逐渐忽略了自身内在性灵生命的自觉与灵根，失去了返求诸己的自省力和生命自主性。明代心学是中国近世思想史上的精神瑰宝。从吴与弼、陈白沙至湛若水、王阳明等心学大儒，虽学问义理各有侧重，然其学术旨趣皆上承孟子而来，强调内心的体验功夫，进而建构人我一体，物我一体的人文精神价值信仰。明代心学所揭示的种种精义，是重寻人之德性尊严、重构安身立命之处的理论源泉，更是解?Q当代精神困境之最具时代启发性的精神资源 [关键词] 精神困境；人文精神；明代心学；自觉；体悟 [中图分类号] B248[文献标识码] A[文章编号] 1008―1763（2017）01―0038―08 Abstract：As the only way for the progress of human civilization as a whole， modernization has not only brought mankind a variety of wellbeing， but also led human to the dilemma of spiritual nihility， which results from the fact that mankind indulges in the vulgarization of focusing on outside and abandoning inner spirit， and gradually neglects the self-consciousness and spiritual root of his inner spiritual life， and loses his self-examination and life autonomy.The Xinxue（心?W）of the Ming Dynasty is the spiritual treasure in the history of modern China. From Wu Yubi（吴与弼）， Chen Baisha（陈白沙） to Zhan Ruoshui（湛若水）， Wang Yangming（王阳明） and other great confucianism scholars， although their academic doctrines are different with each other， their academic objectives all inherit from Mencius， emphasizing the inner experience of moral practice and constructing the humanistic spiritual value faith of All in One. The spiritual essence revealed in the Xinxue of Ming Dynasty is the theoretical source of rediscovering the virtue and dignity in people， and reconstructing the shelter to settle down. And furthermore， it is also the spiritual resource with age enlightenment to solve the contemporary spiritual predicament. Key words： spiritual predicament；humanistic spirit；the Xinxue of Ming Dynasty；consciousness；experience and comprehend 公元1369年，明太祖取代元朝而再建汉人政权，做为明代学术主流思想的理学深微而广泛的发展。元代中期及后期的理学以兼综朱、陆或包罗和会朱、陆为发展取向。明代初期黄试题举与其同姓的朱熹理学为官学，永乐十三年修成《五经大全》、《四书大全》和《性理大全》。明成祖亲自作《序》，程朱理学蔚为官学正统。曹瑞、薛?u代表北方理学严守朱学心性思想，南方的朱学代表吴与弼倾向静观的内心体验功夫，对陈白沙静坐致虚以内证心体之实存性亦有启点之功。黄宗羲（1610-1695）评论说：“故有明儒者，不失其矩?E（官学化的朱学）者，亦多有之。而始作圣之功至先生（陈白沙）