汉英名词形态标记比较与翻译.docVIP

汉英名词形态标记比较与翻译 摘要：汉英名词形态标记差异悬殊，这种语言形式的差异是汉英名族文化差异的具体体现。汉民族倾向于具体形象思维，语言形象具体，“动”感十足；而英语民族擅长抽象思维表达，英语语言具有“静”态性，行文灵活，表达自然，但也抽象晦涩难以理解。汉英语转换要充分考虑各自文化差异，分别体现汉英语的“动”态与 “静”态。 Abstract: There are significant differences in the marker of nouns between English and Chinese, which is the specific example designating the differences of English and Chinese culture.Chinese language is characterized by pictorial thinking and “dynamic”,whereas English by “stative”and flexibility possible to express ideas greater precision and adequacy, yet English becomes not only more abstract, but more abstruse. Such difference shall be taken into consideration when translating between English and Chinese. 关键词：汉英比较，名词标记，翻译 Key words: comparison between English and Chinese; marker of nouns; translation 名词是专指人物、时间，地点，动物及的一个词类。语言学中名词是一个开放式，大类别词汇范畴，在语句中经常充当主语，动词及介词的宾语。在用法上是不受副词的修饰如下面的说法是有问题的：不馒头，不饭，beautifully lady, 当然语言也在发展，当前也出现了些副词加名词的形式如：很男人，很美国等。名词在句中充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语、定语和状（时间和地点名词）。 “的” 字结构，如;新闻广播 news broadcas 动词短语/形容词短语+“的”：卖豆腐脑的来一下。那个漂亮的是我姐姐。 另，汉语的范畴词汇也算是汉语名词的标记，也是汉语常用的特指手段。这些范畴词汇经常放置在动词，形容词及名词之后（动词形容词加上范畴词转化为名词，行使名词功能），有时前面会加有“的”字，范畴词在句中其实没有实际含义，但却很有用，能使语句更为流畅，见下例： 失业问题要比通胀问题更为严重，因为失业问题涉及社会治安问题。 杜绝铺张浪费行为。 轻微程度 大学的科研工作不能放松，教学工作更不能放松。 很显然，英语名词形态标记要比汉语名词标记多得多，动词和形容词都可以很轻易地变为名词体，并带有动词形容词的性状，在句中充当的角色多元化而不仅仅是语句中的谓词或修饰词语，因此英语篇章中会呈现出名词优势。名词优势往往可以使语言的表达灵活，行文自然，便于表达复杂的思想内容，但也会使得语言抽象，难以理解。正如叶斯珀森（O.Jespersen ，1951：139）在 The Philosophy of Grammar 一书中所说： It seems possible to express ideas greater precision and adequacy by means of nouns than by means of the more pictorial verbs…..when we express by means of nouns what is generally expressed by finite verbs, our language becomes not only more abstract, but more abstruse, owing among other things to the fact that in the verbal substantive some of the life-giving elements of the verb (time, mood, person) disappear. While the nominal style may therefore serve the purpose of philosophy, where, however, it now and then does nothing but disguise simple thought