第4章应用文的写作.docVIP

第四章 应用文的写作 应用文主要是指日常应用的公务性文体。一般包括书信、便条、留言、通知等，其中用得最多的是书信。 英文书信大致可分为两大类：事物信件(business letters)和私人信件(friendly letters)。事物信件的文体、语言和格式都比较正式，而私人信件则属于非正式信件。 从近几年的四、六级考试来看，在写作方面更加着重考查考生的语言实际运用能力，如交通事故的目击报告，竞选演说，而考查得较多的还是各种书信。因此掌握好书信的写作要领就显得很重要。 第一节 书信的要点 由于当今现代人生活节奏快，书信中多用简明的语言表达意思。写信时，尤其是公函中，因遵循下列要点： 明了(clearness): 一封信应着重说明一两件事情，主题要突出，层次要分明，使对方一目了然。 简洁(conciseness)：言简意赅，文字简短。把必要的事项说清楚，不提无关紧要的事，尽量使用无关句，避免陈词滥调，咬文嚼字。 准确(correctness)：达意准确。平时注意收集掌握丰富的常用习语，运用准确，避免使用过多的形容词和副词。 礼貌(courtesy)：话语要有礼貌，尊重对方；切忌迎合、恭维或表现过分热情。公函要不卑不亢，不吹嘘不浮夸。拖延回信也是不礼貌。 书信的格式 英语书信格式大体可分为三种。通常用打字机打出。 缩行式 (indented style)举例如下。现在一般不通用这种格式。 Dept. of Geology Zhejiang University Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310013 PRC Director Dept. of Geology Columbia University New York, NY, 10027 June 25, 2004 U. S. A. Dear Professor: This is a request for admittance to your University as a visiting scholar. I hope it will be possible for me to take some courses and also do research in your department. Our government will provide me with all traveling and living expenses. Enclosed please find my application and three letters of recommendation which I hope you will find satisfactory. Thank you for your kind consideration. I look forward to your reply. Sincerely yours, Y. L. Hsia Encls: Letters of recommendation Application form 齐头式(Blocked style)所有段落左对齐，是现在流行的格式。 Dept. of Geology Zhejiang University Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310013 PRC June 25, 2004 Director Dept. of Geology Columbia University New York, NY, 10027 U. S. A. Dear Professor: This is a request for admittance to your University as a visiting scholar. I hope it will be possible for me to take some courses and also do research in your department. Our government will provide me with all traveling and living expenses. Enclosed please find my application and three letters of recommendation which I hope you will find satisfactory. Thank you for your kind consideration. I look forward to your reply. Sincerely yours, Y. L. Hsia Encls