Unit 4Amplification.ppt

Unit 4Amplification (增译法) Look at the following example! In April, there was the “ping” heard around the world. In July, the ping “ponged”. 四月里，全世界听到“乒”的一声；七月里，乒又“乓” 了。 四月里，全世界听到中国“乒”的一声把球打了出去；到了七月，美国“乓”的一声把球打了回来。 Test yourselves to see if the translation is faithful! 增 译 由于英汉两种语言文字之间存在巨大差异，在翻译过程中很难做到字词句上完全对等。因此，为了准确地传达出原文的信息，往往需要对译文增译。所谓增译，就是在原文的基础上添加必要的单词、词组、分句或完整句，从而使译文在句法和语言形式上符合汉语的习惯并使译文在文化背景、词语联想方面与原文保持一致，以达到译文与原文在内容、形式和精神方面对等的目的。这里的增加不是无中生有随意增加，而是增加原文中虽无其词却有其意的一些部分。 Classifications ◆Lexical Amplification ◆Syntactical Amplification ◆Cultural Amplification ◆Rhetorical Amplification ◆I. Lexical Amplification Verbs Nouns Adjectives Adverbs Numerals Plural forms of nouns Generalization words Words indicating the tense 1 Adding Verbs 增加动词 Tom Canty, born in rags and dirt and misery, what sight is this! (Mark Twain: The Prince and the Pauper) 汤姆·康第，生在破烂、肮脏和苦难中，现在这番景象却是多么显赫啊！ 汤姆·康第原来生在可怜巴巴的人家，穿得破破烂烂，邋里邋遢，现在换了这身装束，啊，是何等的气派！ She felt the flowers were in her fingers, on her lips, growing in her breast. 她觉得手里和唇上都是花， 胸中也是花。 她觉得她好像手里拿着花， 嘴里吻着花，就连胸中也开出了花来。 She played the piano, the violin and in her later years, the recorder. 她弹钢琴，拉小提琴，晚年时还吹直笛。 2 Adding Nouns 增加名词 Adding nouns after abstract nouns在抽象名词后面增加名词 Adding nouns after concrete nouns 在具体名词后面增加名词 Adding nouns before adjectives 在形容词前面增加名词 Adding nouns after intransitive verbs 在不及物动词后面增加名词 A. Adding nouns after abstract nouns在抽象名词后面增加名词 evaporation fault-finding gracefulness necessity modernization indifference transformation segregation light-heartedness 蒸发作用 吹毛求疵的作法 优雅气质 必要性 现代化 冷漠态度 转化过程 隔离政策/隔离措施 轻松愉快的心境 B. Adding nouns after concrete nouns在具体名词后面增加名词 a) 当具体名词表达某种抽象概念时, 在译文中常常需要根据上下文增加一些适当的名词。 The molecules of hydrogen get closer and closer with the pressure. b) 在具体名词后面增加名词，避免译文含混，使译文符合汉语习惯。 Many great writers were not appreciated fully while they were alive. D. Adding nouns after intransitive verbs在不及物动词后面增加名词 When he learned it was to borrow, not t