《英语修辞学》第一章.ppt

Chapter One Introduction to English Rhetoric Contents of This Chapter I . About the Course II. Reference Books III.What is rhetoric? IV. Why do we learn rhetoric? I. About the Course 1.?Optional course of English Major 2. Teaching Objects: juniors of English Major 3. Purpose: II. Reference Books 4. Assessment: Exam Total grades = 30% of Regular Grades + 70%of the Final Exam * Regular Grades consists of 15% of class attendance and 15% of class participation and assignments III. What is rhetoric? III. What is rhetoric? 3.1 Origin of Western Rhetoric Syracuse 3.2 rhetoric and oratory Rhētorikē—rhētōr: Oratory had been practiced long before the ancient rhetoricians developed a theory and a vocabulary for rhetoric. Oratory: * the foundation of rhetoric * more than ordinary speech but a special kind of public speaking (a special purpose, a special way, a special time) * to impress, convince, or move the audience to action They then developed a set of principles for successful communication. These principles make up the art of rhetoric. 3.3 Connotation (内涵)of rhetoric Over the years the word “rhetoric” has taken on a wide range of meaning. Negative connotations: skillful, but often deceptive, eloquence a fraudulent practice to deal exclusively with language, rather than with ideas formidable support from Socrates and Plato. In Gorgias (《高尔吉亚篇》, Plato criticized the rhetoricians, “The rhetorician need not know the truth about things; he has only to discover some way of persuading the ignorant that he has more knowledge than those who know.” Plato and his idea about rhetoric Full name Plato Born c. 428–427 BC Athens Died c. 348–347 BC (age approx 84) Athens School/tradition Platonism Main interests： Rhetoric, Art, Literature, Epistemology, Justice, Virtue, Politics, Education, Family, Militarism Notable ideas：Platonic realism（柏拉图式的现实主义和理想主义） It is possible that in developing his own theory of knowledge, Plato coined the term rhetoric both t