微缩版英美文学作家作品及相关名词解释整理.doc

■ 英国部分 古英语Old English 450-1066 Beowulf 中世纪英语(文学) Medieval English 1066 - middle 14th century 乔叟Geoffrey Chaucer - the father of English poetry The Canterbury Tales first time to use heroic couplet 英雄体双行诗 文艺复兴(含义)The Renaissance - rebirth or revival 人文主义Humanism - the essence of the Renaissance, the dignity of human being the importance of the present life 1.斯宾塞Edmund Spenser - the poets poet The Faerie Queene 诗人中的诗人 《仙后》 2.马洛Christopher Marlowe - University Wits, the pioneer of English drama Blank verse无韵诗体, hyperbole夸张浮士德博士的悲剧 Dr. Faustus-- the human passion for knowledge, power and happiness 对知识、权利、幸福的追求The Passionate Shepherd to His Love pastoral(牧人的,田园的) life 3.莎士比亚William Shakespeare - above all writers in the past and in the present time四大悲剧Four tragedies - Hamlet, Othello, King Lear Macbeth十四行诗第18首 Sonnet 18 eternal or immortal beauty《威尼斯商人》The Merchant of Venice to praise the friendship between Antonio and Bassanio, to idealize Portia a heroine of great beauty, wit and loyalty, to expose the insatiable greed and brutality 《哈姆雷特》 Hamlet hesitate between fact and fiction, language and action, too sophisticated to degrade his nature to the conventional role of a stage revenger (复仇者) To be, or not to be - to live on in this world or to die; to suffer or to take action 独白 Soliloquy or monologue - fully reveal the inner conflict of the characters 4.培根Francis Bacon - brevity, compactness(简洁) powerfulness, his essays is an important landmark in the development of English prose Inductive method 归纳法 in place of deductive method 演绎法《论学习》Of Studies uses and benefits of study - studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Studies perfect nature, and are perfected by experience. Different ways adopted by different people to pursue studies - studies and experience are complementary 互补 to each other. The correct attitude to reading books - to weigh and consider. How studies exert influence over human character - reading maketh a full man, confer