高中英语语法-虚拟语气(全)(共55张PPT).ppt

语法要点 虚拟语气 Subjunctive Mood I.什么是语气？ 语气是动词的一种形式，用以表示说话人对某种言行或某种事情的看法或态度。 英语有三种语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。 陈述语气一般用来讲述事实或提出疑问。常常用于陈述句、疑问句和感叹句。 e.g. I took a shower after supper. What are you going to do? What a beautiful flower! 祈使语气主要用于祈使句。 e.g. Get out of here! 虚拟语气 II. 什么是虚拟语气？ 虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是想象、假设、建议、打算、意见、愿望、怀疑、推测、喜悦等等。 e.g. If we had met her last night, we would have told her what had happened. 如果我们昨晚见到她，我们就会告诉她发生了什么事。 （实际上，我们并没有见到她，也没有告诉她所发生的事。） 为什么要学习虚拟语气？ 虚拟语气是四级考试中重点考察的语法点。历年四级考试中，仅仅单项填空部分就一共出现了48道虚拟语气的题目！！！ II. 虚拟语气的最基本形式 非真实性条件句是虚拟语气最基本的表现形式。 i. 由“if” 来引导的非真实条件句 组成方式： 非真实的条件从句 + 假设结果（主句） 最基本形式的表达方式 种类 从句的动词形式 主句的动词形式 与现在事实相反 动词过去式 would/should/ （be的过去式常用 might/could + were有时第三人 动词原形 称单数可用was) 与过去事实相反 had+过去分词 would/should/ might/could + have + 过去分词 与将来事实相反 1.动词过去式 would/should/ 2.should+动词原形 might/could + 3.were to+动词原形 动词原形 注意 在主句中，should一般只与第一人称搭配，could和might各人称都可以使用，但would是最普遍，最常见的。 Examples 如果他在这里，他就会帮助我们。 If he were here, he would help us. 如果昨天没下雨，我们就去踢足球了。 If it had not rained yesterday, we would have played football. 如果敌人胆敢袭击我们，我们将把他们全消灭。 If the enemy were to (should) attack us,we would wipe them out completely. 实战练习 1 例：1995年6月四级第46题　　We didnt know his telephone number, otherwise we _____ him, A) would have telephoned 　　 B) must have telephoned C) would telephone 　　　　　 D) had telephoned  解题思路 本题是与过去时相反的虚拟句，从句中用过去完成式，主句中用would have done。 本句相当于If we had known his telephone number，we would have telephoned him。答案是A) would have telephoned。 实战练习 2 例：1996年1月四级第44题　　Jean doesnt want to work right away because she thinks that if she ______ a job she probably wouldnt be able to see her friends very often.　　A. has to get 　　 B. had got 　　 C. were to get 　　D. could have got 解题思路